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THELPOUSSA (Ancient city) TROPEA
Thelpusa (Thelpousa, Telphousa: Eth. Thelpousios, Telphousios), a town in the
west of Arcadia, situated upon the left or eastern bank of the river Ladon. Its
territory was bounded on the north by that of Psophis, on the south by that of
Heraea, on the west by the Eleia and Tisatis, and on the east by that of Cleitor,
Tripolis, and Theisoa. The town is said to have derived its name from a nymph,
the daughter of the river Ladon, which nymph was probably the stream flowing through
the lower part of the town into the Ladon. It is first mentioned in history in
B.C. 352, when the Lacedaemonians were defeated in its nieghbourhood by the Spartans.
(Diod. xvi. 39.) In B.C. 222 it was taken by Antigonus Doson, in the war against
Cleomenes, and it is also mentioned in the campaigns of Philip. (Polyb. ii. 54,
iv. 60, 73, 77; Steph. B. s. v. Telphousa; Plin. iv. 6. s. 20.) Its coins show
that it belonged to the Achaean League. (Leake, Peloponnesiaca, p. 206.) When
Pausanias visited Thelpusa, the city was nearly deserted, so that the agora, which
was formerly in the centre of the city, then stood at its extremity. He saw a
temple of Asclepius, and another of the twelve gods, of which the latter was nearly
levelled with the ground. (Paus. viii. 25 § 3.) Pausanias also mentions two temples
of some celebrity in the neighbourhood of Thelpusa, one above and the other below
the city. The one above was the temple of Demeter Eleusinia, containing statues
of Demeter, Persephone and Dionysus, made of stone, and which probably stood at
the castle opposite to Spathari (viii. 25. § § 2, 3). The temple below the city
was also sacred to Demeter, whom the Thelpusians called Erinnys. This temple is
alluded to by Lycophron (1038) and Callimachus (Fr. 107). It was situated at a
place called Onceium, where Oncus, the son of Apollo, is said once to have reigned
(viii. 25. § 4, seq.; Steph. B. s. v. Onkeion). Below this temple stood the temple
of Apollo Oncaeates, on the left bank of the Ladon, and on the right bank that
of the boy Asclepius, with the sepulchre of Trygon, said to have been the nurse
of Asclepius (viii. 25. § 11). The ruins of Thelpusa stand upon the slope of a
considerable hill near the village of Vanena (Banena). There are only few traces
of the walls of the city. At the ruined church of St. John, near the rivulet,
are some Hellenic foundations and fragments of columns. The saint is probably
the successor of Asclepius, whose temple, as we learn from Pausanias, stood longest
in the city. There are likewise the remains of a Roman building, about 12 yards
long and 6 wide, with the ruins of an arched roof. There are also near the Ladon
some Hellenic foundations, and the lower parts of six columns. Below Vanena there
stands upon the right bank of the Ladon the ruined church of St. Athanasius the
Miraculous, where Leake found the remains of several columns. Half a mile below
this church is the village of Tumbiki, where a promontory projects into the river,
upon which there is a mound apparently artificial. This mound is probably the
tomb of Trygon, and Tumbiki is the site of the the temple of Asclepius. Pausanias,
in describing the route from Psophis to Thelpusa, after mentioning the boundaries
between the territories of the two states, first crosses the river Arsen, and
then, at the distance of 25 stadia, arrives at the ruins of a village Caus and
a temple of Asclepius Causius, erected upon the roadside. From this plaee the
distance to Thelpusa was 40 stadia.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
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