Εμφανίζονται 17 τίτλοι με αναζήτηση: Πληροφορίες για τον τόπο στην ευρύτερη περιοχή: "ΝΤΕΪΡΕΖΟΡ Πόλη ΣΥΡΙΑ" .
ΔΟΥΡΑ ΕΥΡΩΠΟΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΣΥΡΙΑ
A town in Mesopotamia on the Euphrates, founded by the Macedonians. It was also styled Nicanoris and Europus.
Caravan center 96 km S of Deir-ez-zor on the Syrian Euphrates, founded
with a Hellenistic grid plan of streets by Macedonians ca. 300 B.C. The Parthians,
occupying Dura about 100 B.C., made it their frontier fortress against the Romans
until Verus (A.D. 165), retreating from Seleucia on the Tigris, left it in Roman
hands. After capture by Sasanians in A.D. 256, the city was abandoned.
Dura is exceptional in the character of its remains. The embankment
along the circuit wall facing the desert encased religious paintings and preserved
cloth, wood, parchments, and papyri. Most noteworthy are the paintings in the
Temple of Palmyrene Gods, the Christian paintings, the Mithra temple in the Roman
camp, and the astonishing series of paintings from the synagogue (A.D. 246). Evidences
of siege operations were also preserved by the embankment. Sudden abandonment
left many inscriptions and pieces of sculpture intact and in situ.
Some of the first finds are in the Louvre; the synagogue has been
reconstructed in the museum of Damascus, the paintings of the Christian building
and the temple of Mithra in the Gallery of Fine Arts at Yale. On the site there
remain the stone walls of the circuit, the Parthian citadel, and the Redoubt palace,
as well as the foundations of temples and of private and public buildings. The
cliff, broken by the river, has carried away part of the citadel and the circuit
wall to the S.
To the S of the main gate along the wall are a Roman bath and private
houses in the first block; the Christian building (the baptistery with paintings
was the NW room) in the NW corner of the second block; the Temple of Zeus Kyrios
against the city wall close to the tower at the S end of the same block; and,
beside the next tower to the S, the battlements above a Sasanian tunnel running
beneath the fortifications. In the SW corner of the city lies the Temple of Aphlad.
In the first block N of the main gate the embankment contained a Tychaion;
the synagogue was in the second, the Temple of Mithra four blocks beyond, and
the Temple of Palmyrene Gods in the NW corner. In the block E of the synagogue
lies the Temple of Adonis.
On the N side on the main street, the third block from the gate constituted
the caravanserai. Three blocks beyond and one block to the left (N) of the main
street lie the remains of the agora, with stone foundations of Hellenistic buildings
beneath rubble colonnades and shops of later periods. Opposite the agora and one
block S of the main street are the temples of Artemis in the W block, the Temple
of Atargatis on the E. The Temple of the Gadde lies between that of Atargatis
and the main street.
Three blocks E of the agora was the Temple of Zeus Theos, and E of
that one looks directly to the middle of the citadel wall. On the citadel the
stone foundations of the Parthian palace lie over stone Hellenistic foundations.
Parts of both were lost in the fall of the cliff.
In front of the N entrance to the citadel lies the little Roman military
temple. On the S slope of the E-W wadi S of the citadel rises the Hellenistic
embossed wall of the Redoubt palace. Between Redoubt and citadel were a Roman
bath and private houses; to the S, behind the palace, was the Temple of Zeus Megistos.
The NW section of the city contains the Roman camp with barracks, a Roman bath
and, in the center, the praetorium. Behind the praetorium is the Temple of Azzonathkona.
A Parthian bath lies just beside the amphitheater on the S side of the camp.
The NE corner of the city contains the headquarters of the Dux (3d
c.) and the Dolicheneum. In the desert lie innumerable subterranean tombs and
the foundations of funerary towers. The temple of the necropolis is NW of the
main gate, and the remains of the triumphal arch of Trajan are N of the city over
the former road up the river.
C. Hopkins, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
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