Εμφανίζονται 2 τίτλοι με αναζήτηση: Θρησκευτικές βιογραφίες στην ευρύτερη περιοχή: "ΣΑΡΔΕΙΣ Αρχαία πόλη ΤΟΥΡΚΙΑ" .
ΣΑΡΔΕΙΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΤΟΥΡΚΙΑ
Bishop of Sardis, prominent ecclesiastical writer in the latter half
of the second century. Few details of his life are known. A letter of Polyerates
of Ephesus to Pope Victor about 194 (Eusebius, "Hist. Eccl.", V, xxiv) states
that "Melito the eunuch [this is interpreted "the virgin" by Rufinus in his translation
of Eusebius], whose whole walk was in the Holy Spirit", was interred at Sardis,
and had been one of the great authorities in the Church of Asia who held the Quartodeciman
theory. His name is cited also in the "Labyrinth" of Hippolytus as one of the
second-century writers who taught the duality of natures in Jesus. St. Jerome,
speaking of the canon of Melito, quotes Tertullian's statement that he was esteemed
a prophet by many of the faithful.
Of Melito's numerous works almost all have perished, fortunately,
Eusebius has preserved the names of the majority and given a few extracts (Hist.
Eccl., IV, xiii, xxvi). They are (1) "An Apology for the Christian Faith", appealing
to Marcus Aurelius to examine into the accusations against the Christians and
to end the persecution (written apparently about 172 or before 177). This is a
different work from the Syriac apology attributed to Melito, published in Svriae
and English by Cureton from a British Museum manuscript. The latter, a vigorous
confutation of idolatry and polytheism addressed to Antoninus Caesar, seems from
internal evidence to be of Syrian origin, though some authorities have identified
it with Melito's Peri aletheias. (2) Peri tou pascha, on Easter, written probably
in 167-8. A fragment cited by Eusebius refers to a dispute that had broken out
in Laodicea regarding Easter, but does not mention the precise matter in controversy.
(3) Eklogai, six books of extracts from the Law and the Prophets concerning Christ
and the Faith, the passage cited by Eusebius contains a canon of the Old Testament.
(4) He kleis, for a long time considered to be preserved in the "Melitonis clavis
sanctae scripturae", which is now known to be an original Latin compilation of
the Middle Ages. (5) Peri ensomatou theou, on the corporeity of God, of which
some Syriac fragments have been preserved. It is referred to by Origen (In Gen.,
i, 26) as showing Melito to have been an Anthropomorphite, the Syriac fragments,
however, prove that the author held the opposite doctrine.
Fourteen additional works are cited by Eusebius. Anastasius Sinaita
in his Hodegos (P.G., LXXXIX) quotes from two other writings: Eis to pathos (on
the Passion), and Peri sarkoseos (on the Incarnation), a work in three books,
probably written against the Marcionites. Routh (see below) has published four
scholia in Greek from a Catena on the Sacrifice of Isaac as typifying the Sacrifice
of the Cross, probably taken from a corrupt version of the Eklogai. Four Syriac
fragments from works on the Body and Soul, the Cross, and Faith, are apparently
compositions of Melito, though often referred to Alexander of Alexandria. Many
spurious writings have been attributed to Melito in addition to the "Melitonis
clavis sanctae scripturae" already mentioned e.g., a "Let ter to Eutrepius, "Catena
in Apocalypsin", a manifest forgery compiled after A.D. 1200; "De passione S.
Joannis Evangelistae" (probably not earlier than the seventh century), "De transitu
Beatae Mariae Virginis" (see Apocrypha in I, 607). Melito's feast is observed
on 1 April.
A.A. Magerlean, ed.
Transcribed by: Scott Lumsden
This text is cited June 2004 from The Catholic Encyclopedia, New Advent online edition URL below.
St. Euthymius, martyred for the veneration of images (26 Dec., 824)
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