Εμφανίζονται 11 τίτλοι με αναζήτηση: Πληροφορίες για τον τόπο στην ευρύτερη περιοχή: "ΑΓΙΟΣ ΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΣ Κωμόπολη ΒΟΙΩΤΙΑ" .
ΑΛΑΛΚΟΜΕΝΑΙ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΙΩΤΙΑ
Alalkomenai (Strab., Paus.), Alalkomenion (Steph. B.), Eth. Alalkomenieus, Alalkomenaios,
Alalkomenios. An ancient town in Boeotia, situated at the foot of Mt. Tilphossium,
a little to the E. of Coroneia, and near the lake Copais. It was celebrated for
the worship of Athena, who was said to have been born there, and who is hence
called Alalcomeneis (Alalkomeneis) in Homer. The temple of the goddess stood,
at a little distance from the town, on the Triton, a small stream flowing into
the lake Copais. Beyond the modern village of Sulinari, the site of Alalcomenae,
are some polygonal foundations, apparently those of a single building, which are
probably remains of the peribolus of the temple. Both the town and the temple
were plundered by Sulla, who carried off the statue of the goddess.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited May 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΕΛΙΚΩΝ (Βουνό) ΒΟΙΩΤΙΑ
Helicon (Helikon), a mountain in Boeotia lying between lake Copais
and the Corinthian gulf, and which may be regarded as a continuation of the range
of Parnassus. It is celebrated as the favourite haunt of the Muses, to whom the
epithet of Heliconian is frequently given by both the Greek and Roman poets (hai
Helikoniai parthenoi, Pind. i. 7. 57; hai Helikoniades, Hes. Theog. 1; Soph. Oed.
Tyr. 1008; Heliconiades, Lucret. iii. 1050; Heliconides, Pers. prooem. 4). Its
poetical celebrity is owing to the fact of its having been the seat of the earliest
school of poetry in Greece Proper; for at its foot was situated Ascra, the residence
of Hesiod, the most eminent poet of this school.
Helicon is a range of mountains with several summits, of which the
loftiest is a round mountain now called Paleovuni. Helicon is described by Strabo
as equal to Parnassus, both in height and circumference (ix. p. 409); but this
is a mistake as far as height is concerned, since the loftiest summit of Helicon
is barely 5000 feet high, while that of Parnassus is upwards of 8000 feet. Pausanias
says that of all the mountains in Greece Helicon is the most fertile, and produces
the greatest number of trees and shrubs, though none of a poisonous character,
while several of them are useful in counteracting the bites of venomous serpents.
(Paus. ix. 28.) There is, however, a considerable difference between the eastern
and western sides of the mountain; for while the eastern slopes abounded in springs,
groves, and fertile valleys, the western side was more rugged and less susceptible
of cultivation. It was the eastern or Boeotian side of Helicon which was especially
sacred to the Muses, and contained many objects connected with their worship,
of which Pausanias has left us an account. On Helicon was a sacred grove of the
Muses, to which Pausanias ascended from Ascra. On the left of the road, before
reaching the grove of the Muses, was the celebrated fountain of Aganippe (Aganippe),
which was believed to inspire those who drank of it, and from which the Muses
were called Aganippides. (Paus. ix. 25. § 5; Catull lxi. 26; Virg. Ecl. x. 12.)
Placing Ascra at Pyrguaki, there is little doubt that Aganippe is
the fountain which issues from the left bank of the torrent, flowing midway between
Paleo-panaghia and Pyrgaki. Around this fountain Leake observed numerous squared
blocks, and in the neighbouring fields stones and remains or habitations. The
position of the Grove of the Muses is fixed at St. Nicholas by an inscription
which Leake discovered there relating to the Museia, of games of the Muses, which
were celebrated there under the presidency of the Thespians. (Paus. ix. 31. §
3.) St. Nicholas is a church and small convent beautifully situated in a theatre-shaped
hollow at the foot of Mt. Marandali, which is one of the summits of Helicon. In
the time of Pausanias the grove of the Muses contained a larger number of statues
than any other place in Boeotia; and this writer has given an account of many
of them. The statues of the Muses were removed by Constantine from this place
to his new capital, where they were destroyed by fire in A.D. 404. (Euseb. Vit.
Const. iii. 54; Sozom. ii. 5; Zosim. ii. 21, v. 24, quoted by Leake.)
Twenty stadia above the Grove of the Muses was the fountain Hippocrene
(Hippokrene), which was said to have been produced by the horse Pegasus striking
the ground with his feet. (Paus. ix. 31. § 3; Strab. ix. p. 410.) Hippocrene was
probably at Makarioitissa, which is noted for a fine spring of water, although,
as Leake remarks, the twenty stadia of Pausanias accord better with the direct
distance than with that by the road. The two fountains of Aganippe and Hippocrene
supplied the streams called Olmeius and Permessus, which, after uniting their
waters, flowed by Haliartus into the lake Copais. (Hes. Theog. 5, seq.; see Boeotia,
p. 413, a.)
Another part of Helicon, also sacred to the Muses, bore the name of
Mount Leibethrium (Leibethrion). It is described by Pausanias (ix. 34. § 4) as
distant 40 stadia from Coroneia, and is therefore probably the mountain of Zagara,
which is completely separated from the great heights of Helicon by an elevated
valley, in which are two villages named Zagara, and above them, on the rugged
mountain, a monastery; This is Leake's opinion; but Dodwell and Gell identify
it with Granitza, which is, however, more probably Laphystium. On Mount Leibethrium
there were statues of the Muses and of the Leibethrian nymphs, and two fountains
called Leibethrias and Petra, resembling the breasts of a woman, and pouring forth
water like milk. (Paus. ix. 34. § 4.) There was a grotto of the Leibethrian nymphs.
(Strab. ix. p. 410, x. p. 471; Serv. ad Virg. Ecl vii. 21.) (See Leake, Northern
Greece, vol. ii. pp. 141, 205, 489-500, 526.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited September 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΚΟΡΩΝΕΙΑ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΙΩΤΙΑ
Koroneia: Eth. Koroneus, the name...derived from korone, a hill. A
town of Boeotia, and a member of the Boeotian league, is described by Strabo as
situated upon a height near Mt. Helicon. Its territory was called Koroneiake.
(Strab. ix.) The town stood upon an insulated hill at the entrance of a valley
leading southwards to Mt. Helicon, the principal summit of which is seen at the
head of the valley. From this hill there is a fine view over the lake Copais,
and at its foot there is a broad plain extending as far as the marshes of the
lake. On either side of the hill flowed two streams, one on the eastern or right
hand side, called Coralius or Cuarius, and the other on the left, named Phalarus:
a tributary of the latter was the Isomantus or Hoplias. Coroneia is said to have
been founded by the Boeotians from Arne in Thessaly, after they had been driven
out of their original homes by the Thessalians; and they appear to have called
it Coroneia after the Thessalian town of this name. At the same time they built
in the plain in front of the city a temple of Athena Itonica, also named after
the one in Thessaly, and likewise gave to the river which flowed by the temple
the name of Cuarius or Curalius, after the Thessalian river. In this temple was
held the festival of the Pamboeotia, which was common to all the Boeotians. (Strab.
ix.; Paus. ix. 34. § 1.) The Thessalian origin of Coroneia is also attested by
Pausanias, who ascribes its foundation, as well as that of Haliartus, to Athamas
and his descendants, who came from Thessaly (ix. 34. § 7, seq.).
Coroneia is mentioned by Homer in conjunction with Haliartus. (Il.
ii. 503.) In historical times several important battles were fought in the plain
in front of the town. It was here that the Athenians under Tolmides were defeated
by the Boeotians in B.C. 447, in consequence of which defeat the Athenians lost
the sovereignty which they had for some years exercised over Boeotia. (Thuc. i.
113.) The plain of Coroneia was also the scene of the victory gained by Agesilaus
over the Thebans and their allies in B.C. 394. (Xen. Hell. iv. 3. 15, seq.; Plut.
Ages. 17.) In the Sacred War Coroneia was twice taken by the Phocians under Onomarchus.
(Diod. xvi, 35, 58.) Philip, after the conquest of the Phocians, gave up the town
to the Thebans. (Dem. de Pac. p. 62, Philip. ii. p. 69.) Coroneia espoused the
cause both of Philip and of Perseus in their wars with the Romans. (Polyb. xx.
7, xxvii. 1, xxix. 6, a.; Liv. xxxiii. 29, xlii. 44, 67.)
Pausanias says (ix. 34. § 3) that the most remarkable objects in Coroneia
were altars of Hermes Epimelius and of the winds, and a little below them the
temple of Hera. The principal remains of the ancient city are those of the theatre,
of the temple of Hera, and of the agora. The coins of Coroneia are very rare.
The one annexed is a hemidrachma, with the Boeotian shield on one side, and on
the other a full-faced mask or Gorgonian head, with the epigraph graph KOPO.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΕΛΙΚΩΝ (Βουνό) ΒΟΙΩΤΙΑ
A famous mountain in Boeotia, near the Gulf of Corinth. It was
sacred to Apollo and the Muses, who were thence called Heliconiades. This mountain
was famed for the purity of its air, the abundance of its water, its fertile valleys,
the density of its shades, and the beauty of the venerable trees which clothed
its sides. On the summit was the grove of the Muses, where these divinities had
their statues, and where also were statues of Apollo and Hermes, of Bacchus by
Lysippus, of Orpheus, and of famous poets and musicians. A little below the grove
was the fountain of Aganippe. The source Hippocrene was about twenty stadia above
the grove. It is said to have burst forth when the horse Pegasus struck his hoof
into the ground, whence its name, hippou krene. These two springs supplied two
small rivers named Olmius and Permessus, which, after uniting their waters, flowed
into the lake Copais, near Haliartus. The modern name of Helicon is Palaeovouni,
and of Hippocrene, Kryopegadi, or "cold spring."
This extract is cited Sep 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΚΟΡΩΝΕΙΑ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΙΩΤΙΑ
Koroneia. A town in Boeotia, southwest of Lake Copais, and a
member of the Boeotian League. Here in B.C. 447, the Boeotians defeated the Athenians;
and in B.C. 394, the allied Greeks were defeated by Agesilaus.
Greek city of Boeotia,
west of Thebes.
In mythology, Coronea was the kingdom of Athamas, a son of Aeolus
and grandson of Hellen. He was married three times and was involved in a lot of
troubles with his successive wives, which inspired several tragedies in classical
times.
From his first wife Nephele, Athamas had a son named Phrixus and a
daughter named Helle. But he later abandonned Nephele to marry Ino, one of the
daughters of Cadmus, the founder of nearby Thebes.
With Ino, Athamas had two sons, Learchus and Melicertes, yet Ino was jealous of
the children he had had with Nephele and decided to get rid of them. She managed
to induce a famine in the country and to make her husband believe that the oracle
of Delphi required the sacrifice
of Phrixus to end it. But while Phrixus was led to the altar, Nephele gave him
a ram with a golden fleece offered her by Hermes, on which Phrixus and his sister
Helle could fly away.
When Athamas learned what Ino had done, he ordered that she be sacrificed
in place of Phrixus. But then, Dionysus saved her by surrounding her in a cloud
and struck Athamas with madness, so that he killed his own son Learchus. When
she heard that, Ino took her other son Melicertes and jumped with him in the sea.
After that, Athamas was exiled from Boeotia
and seeked refuge in Thessalia,
where he founded another city named Alos
and married for the third time.
It is in Coronea that a battle took place in 447 between the Athenians
supporting democratic regimes in Boeotia
and Boeotian oligarchs led by Thebes.
Athens was defeated and Thebes
was thus able to reconstruct the Boeotian Confederacy under its leadership.
Bernard Suzanne (page last updated 1999), ed.
This extract is cited July 2003 from the Plato and his dialogues URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks.
ΑΛΑΛΚΟΜΕΝΑΙ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΙΩΤΙΑ
ΕΛΙΚΩΝ (Βουνό) ΒΟΙΩΤΙΑ
Situated in the upper valley of the Permessos (Archontitza) between
Mt. Zagara and Mt. Marandali (Helikon) to the S and Mt. Koursara and Mt. Pyrgaki
(Ascra) to the N, 8 km W of Thespiai. Formerly wooded, the valley was the alsos
or Sacred Grove of the Muses; the sanctuary has been located around the Haghia
Trias Chapel on the right bank of the Permessos. Underneath the walls of the Chapel
of Haghia Trias, which stands on a terrace 50 m from the Permessos, was found
the base of the Great Altar of the Muses (until 1954 mistakenly called "Temple
of the Muses"). It faces E, is 5.80 m long and 9.80 m wide, and stands on
two courses of white poros and one leveling course of conglomerate. The platform,
built of well-bonded limestone blocks, was approached up a step on the W side;
the altar covered two-thirds of its surface to the E. Forty m W of the altar the
remains of a long N-S portico was discovered; it was open to the E and measured
96 x 10 m. The E colonnade (36 monolithic columns) was Ionic, the side colonnade,
which supported the roof, Corinthian. Architectural fragments of this portico,
of stone and terracotta, are in the Thebes Museum. N of the altar, on the left
bank of the Permessos, a second portico was identified at least 48 m long. All
these monuments date from the 3d c. B.C. at the earliest. Some 300 m SW of the
great portico on the foothill of the mountain is a natural semicircular depression
that marks the site of the theater. There were no stone tiers, but the seats in
the proedria row were no doubt of marble. The skene, which was more than 7 m deep
and erected on an artificial terrace, has collapsed; the proskenion, which was
about 22 m wide and 3 m deep, was built on the ground; the limestone stylobate
supported 12 Doric half-columns 2 m high, monolithic and engaged in square pilasters.
There were many statues in the Valley of the Muses, some of the bases of which
are in the Thebes Museum. Near the altar and the portico, possibly, was the great
semicircle on which stood the statues of the nine Muses. The site has been excavated.
P. Roesch, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Jan 2003 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
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