Εμφανίζονται 53 τίτλοι με αναζήτηση: Πληροφορίες για τον τόπο στην ευρύτερη περιοχή: "ΒΟΛΟΣ Δήμος ΜΑΓΝΗΣΙΑ" .
ΠΟΡΤΑΡΙΑ (Χωριό) ΒΟΛΟΣ
Ο Δήμος Πορταριάς
αποτελείται από τέσσερα χωριά, σκαρφαλωμένα στις πλαγιές του Β.Δ Πηλίου.
Βρίσκεται ανάμεσα στις όμορφες ακτές του Παγασητικού
και στο χιόνι των κορυφών του Πηλίου
όπου έχουν διαμορφωθεί εξαιρετικές χιονοδρομικές πίστες.
Διαθέτει δεκάδες ξενοδοχεία και ξενώνες. Επικοινωνεί με το Βόλο
με αυτοκινητόδρομο. Στην ανάβαση παρουσιάζεται μια υπέροχη θέα του Βόλου
στο μυχό του κόλπου.
Στην Πορταριά υπάρχει Αστυνομικός Σταθμός, Ταχυδρομείο, Τράπεζα, Ιατρείο
και Φαρμακείο.
Το κείμενο (απόσπασμα) παρατίθεται το Φεβρουάριο 2004 από τουριστικό φυλλάδιο
του Δήμου Πορταριάς
(2001).
ΜΑΚΡΙΝΙΤΣΑ (Δημοτική ενότητα) ΒΟΛΟΣ
ΓΛΑΦΥΡΑΙ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΛΟΣ
Glaphupai. A town of Thessaly, mentioned by Homer along with Boebe
and Iolcos (II. ii. 712; comp. Steph. B. s. v.), but of which the name does not
subsequently occur. Leake conjectures that it is represented by the Hellenic ruins
situated upon one of the hills above the modern village of Kaprena, between Boebe
and Iolcos. The entire circuit of the citadel on the summit of the hill may be
traced, and on its lower side part of the wall is still standing.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΑΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΜΑΓΝΗΣΙΑ
Eth. Demetrieus. A city of Magnesia in Thessaly, situated at the head
of the Pagasaean gulf, was founded about. B.C. 290 by Demetrius Poliorcetes, who
removed thither the inhabitants of Nelia, Pagasae, Ormenium, Rhizus, Sepias, Olizon,
Boebe and lolcos, all of which were afterwards included in the territory of Demetrias.
(Strab. ix.) It soon became an important place, and the favourite residence of
the Macedonian kings. It was favourably situated for commanding the interior of
Thessaly, as well as the neighbouring seas; and such was the importance of its
position that it was called by the last Philip of Macedon one of the three fetters
of Greece, the other two being Chalcis and Corinth. (Pol. xvii. 11; Liv. xxxii.
37.) Leake remarks that it may have been recommended to the kings of Macedonia
as a residence not more for its convenience as a military and naval station in
the centre of Greece, than for many natural advantages, in some of which it seems
to have been very preferable to Pella. The surrounding seas and fertile districts
of Thessaly supplied an abundance of the necessaries and luxuries of life: in
summer the position is cool and salubrious, in winter mild, even when the interior
of Thessaly is involved in snow or fog. The cape on which the town stood commands
a beautiful view of the gulf, which appears like an extensive lake surrounded
by rich and varied scenery; the neighbouring woods supply an abundance of delightful
retreats, embellished by prospects of the Aegaean sea and its islands, while Mount
Pelion might at once have afforded a park, an icehouse, and a preserve of game
for the chase.
After the battle of Cynoscephalae, B.C. 196, Demetrias was taken away
from Philip, and garrisoned by the Romans. (Pol. xviii. 28; Liv. xxxiii. 31.)
In B.C. 192, it was surprised by the Aetolians; and the news of its defection
from the Romans determined Antiochus to defer no longer his departure to Greece.
(Liv. xxxv. 34, 43.) After the return of Antiochus to Asia in B.C. 191, Demetrias
surrendered to Philip, who was allowed by the Romans to retain possession of the
place. (Liv. xxxvi. 33.) It continued in the hands of Philip and his successor
till the over-throw of the Macedonian monarchy at the battle of Pydna, B.C. 169.
(Liv. xliv. 13.) Demetrias is mentioned by Hierocles in the sixth century.
The ancient town is described by Leake as occupying the southern or
maritime face of a height, now called Goritza, which projects from the coast of
Magnesia, between 2 and 3 miles to the southward of the middle of Volo. Though
little more than foundations remains, the inclosure of the city, which was less
than 2 miles in circumference, is traceable in almost every part. On three sides
the walls followed the crest of a declivity which falls steeply to the east and
west, as well as towards the sea. To the north the summit of the hill, together
with an oblong space below it, formed a small citadel, of which the foundations
still subsist. A level space in the middle elevation of the height was conveniently
placed for the central part of the city. The acropolis contained a large cistern
cut in the rock, which is now partly filled with earth...Many of the ancient streets
of the town are traceable in the level which lies midway to the sea, and even
the foundations of private houses: the space between one street and the next parallel
to it, is little more than 15 feet. About the centre of the town is a hollow,
now called the lagumi or mine, where a long rectangular excavation in the rock,
2 feet wide, 7 deep, and covered with flat stones, shows by marks of the action
of water in the interior of the channel that it was part of an aqueduct, probably
for the purpose of conducting some source in the height upon which stood the citadel,
into the middle of the city. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 375, seq.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited May 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΙΩΛΚΟΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΛΟΣ
Iolkos, Ep. Iaolkos, Dor. Ialkos: Eth. Iolkios, fem. Iolkis, Iolkias.
An ancient city of Magnesia in Thessaly, situated at the head of the Pagasaean
gulf and at the foot of Mt. Pelion (Pind. Nem. iv. 88), and celebrated in the
heroic ages as the residence of Jason, and the place where the Argonauts assembled.
It is mentioned by Homer, who gives it the epithets of euktimene and euruchoros.
It is said to have been founded by Cretheus (Apollod. i. 9. § 11), and to have
been colonised by Minyans from Orchomenos. (Strab. ix.) lolcus is rarely mentioned
in historical times. It was given by the Thessalians to Hippias, upon his expulsion
from Athens. (Herod. v. 94.) The town afterwards suffered from the dissensions
of its inhabitants, but it was finally ruined by the foundation of Demetrias in
B.C. 290, when the inhabitants of Iolcos and of other adjoining towns were removed
to this place. It seems to have been no longer in existence in the time of Strabo,
since he speaks of the place where Iolcos stood (ho tes Iolkou topos).
The position of Iolcos is indicated by Strabo, who says that it was
on the road from Boebe to Demetrias, and at the distance of 7 stadia from the
latter. In another passage he says that lolcos is situated above the sea at the
distance of 7 stadia from Demetrias. Pindar also, as we have already seen, places
Iolcos at the foot of Mt. Pelion, consequently a little inland. From these descriptions
there is little doubt that Leake is right in placing Iolcos on the steep height
between the southernmost houses of Volo and Vlckho-makhala, upon which stands
a church called Episkopi. There are at present no ancient remains at this place;
but some large squared blocks of stone are said to have formerly existed at the
foot of the height, and to have been carried away for the construction of buildings
elsewhere. Moreover, it is the only spot in the neighbourhood which has any appearance
of being an ancient site. It might indeed appear, from Livy (xliv. 12, 13), that
lolcus was situated upon the coast; but in this passage, as well as in Strabo,
the name of lolcos seems to have been given to this part of the coast as well
as to the city itself.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΝΗΛΕΙΑ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΛΟΣ
A town of Magnesia in Thessaly, between which and lolcus Demetrias was situated.
Leake identifies it with the remains of a small Hellenic town above Lekhonia.
ΟΡΜΙΝΙΟΝ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΛΟΣ
A town of Thessaly, mentioned in the Catalogue of Ships along with
Hypereia and Asterium as belonging to Eurypylus (Hom. Il. ii. 734). It was said
to have been founded by Ormenus, the grandson of Aeolus, and was the birthplace
of Phoenix. (Demetr. Scepsius, ap. Strab. ix. p. 438, seq.) Strabo identifies
this town with a place in Magnesia named Orminium, situated at the foot of Mt.
Pelion, at the distance of 27 stadia from Demetrias, on the road passing through
Iolcus, which was 7 stadia from Demetrias and 20 from Orminium. (Strab. l. c.)
Leake, however, observes that the Ormenium of Homer can hardly have been the same
as the Orminium of Strabo, since it appears from the situation of Asterium that
Eurypylus ruled over the plains of Thessaliotis, which are watered by the Apidanus
and Enipeus. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 434, seq.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΠΑΓΑΣΑΙ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΛΟΣ
Pagasai: also Pagasa, gen. - ae, Eth. Pagasaios, Pagasaeus. A town
of Magnesia in Thessaly, situated at the northern extremity of the bay named after
it. (Pagasetikos kolpos, Scylax, p. 24; Strab. ix. p. 438; Pagasites, Dem. Phil.
Epist. 159; Pagasaeus Sinus, Mela, . c. c. Pagasicus, Plin. iv. 8. s. 15.) Pagasae
is celebrated in mythology as the port where Jason built the ship Argo, and from
which he sailed upon his adventurous voyage: hence some of the ancients derived
its name from the construction of that vessel, (from pegnumi), but others from
the numerous and abundant springs which were found at this spot. (Strab. ix. p.
436.) Pagasae was conquered by Philip after the defeat of Onomarchus. (Dem. Ol.
i. pp. 11, 13; Diod. xvi. 31, where for Pagai we ought probably to read Pagasai.)
On the foundation of Demetrias in B.C. 290, Pagasae was one of the towns, whose
inhabitants were transferred to the new city; but after the Roman conquest Pagasae
was restored, and again became an important place. In the time of Strabo it was
the port of Pherae, which was the principal city in this part of Thessaly. Pagasae
was 90 stadia from Pherae, and 20 from Iolcos. (Strab. l. c.) The ruins of the
ancient city are to be seen near Volo, which has given the modern name to the
bay. The acropolis occupied the summit of some rocky heights above Cape Angkistri,
and at the foot of the rocks are many copious sources of water, of which Strabo
speaks. But as these springs are rather saline to the taste, the city was provided
in the Roman times with water from a distance by means of an aqueduct, the ruined
piers of which are still a conspicuous object. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv.
p. 368, seq.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΠΗΛΙΟΝ (Βουνό) ΜΑΓΝΗΣΙΑ
Pelium (Pelion), a lofty mountain in Thessaly, extending along the
coast of Magnesia. It rises to the south of Ossa, and the last falls of the two
mountains are connected by a low ridge. (Herod. vii. 129.) It forms a chain of
some extent, stretching from Mt. Ossa to the extremity of Magnesia, where it terminates
in the promontories of Sepias and Aeantium. It attains its greatest height above
Iolcos. According to Ovid it is lower than Ossa (Fast. iii. 441), which Dodwell
describes as about 5000 feet high. In form it has a broad and extended outline,
and is well contrasted with the steeply conical shape of Ossa. On its eastern
side Mt. Pelium rises almost precipitously from the sea; and its rocky and inhospitable
shore (akta alimenos Peliou, Eurip. Alc. 595) proved fatal to the fleet of Xerxes.
(Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 384.) Mt. Pelium is still covered with venerable
forests, to which frequent allusion is made in the ancient poets. Homer constantly
gives it the epithet of einosiphullon (Il. ii. 744, &c.). Its northern summit
is clothed with oaks, and its eastern side abounds with chestnuts; besides which
there are forests of beeches, elms, and pines. (Dicaearch. Descript. Mont. Pel.
in Geogr. Graec. Min. p. 106, ed. Paris, 1855; Ov. Fast. v. 381; Valer. Flacc.
ii. 6.)
Mt. Pelium is celebrated in mythology. It plays an important part in the
war of the giants and the gods: since the giants are said to have piled Ossa upon
Pelium, in order to scale Olympus. It has been observed that this part of the
fable is well explained by the respective forms of Ossa and Pelium. As Pelium
is viewed from the south, two summits are seen at a considerable distance from
each other, - a concavity between them, but so slight as almost to give the effect
of a table-mountain, upon which fiction might readily suppose that another hill
of the conical form of Ossa should recline. (Holland, Travels, vol. ii. p. 96.)
Mt. Pelium was said to be the residence of the Centaurs, and more especially of
Cheiron, the instructor of Achilles, a legend to which the number of medicinal
plants found on the mountain perhaps gave rise. (Dicaearch. l. c.; Hom. Il. ii.
743, xvi. 143; Pind. Pyth. ii. 83, iii. 7; Virg. Georg. iii. 92.)
According to Dicaearchus (l. c.), the cave of Cheiron and a temple of Zeus
Actaeus occupied the summit of the mountain. The same writer relates that it was
the custom of the sons of the principal citizens of Demetrias, selected by the
priest, to ascend every year to this temple, clothed with thick skins, on account
of the cold. Between the two summits of Mt. Pelium there is a fine cavern, now
commonly known by the name of the cave of Achilles, and which accords with the
position of the cave of Cheiron, mentioned by Dicaearchus. The same writer likewise
speaks of two rivers of Mt. Pelium, called Crausindon and Brychon. One of them
is now named Zervokhia, and falls into the gulf between Nekhori and St. George.
(Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 384, seq.) Lastly, Pelium was connected with
the tale of the Argonauts, since the timber of which their ship was built was
cut down in the forests of this mountain. The north-western summit of Mt. Pelium
is now named Plessidhi but the mountain is frequently called Zagora, from the;
town of this name immediately below the summit on the eastern side. (Leake, l.
c. Mezieres, Memoire sur Ie Pelion et l'Ossa, Paris, 1853.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΠΥΡΑΣΟΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΛΟΣ
Purasos, Purrhasos, Eth. Purasaios. A town of Phthiotis in Thessaly,
mentioned by Homer along with Phylace and Iton, and described by him as Purrhason
anthemoenta, Demetros temenos. (Il. ii. 695.) Pyrasus was situated on the Pagasaean
gulf, at the distance of 20 stadia from Thebes, and possessed a good harbour (eulimenos,
Strab. ix. p. 435). It had disappeared in the time of Strabo. Its name was superseded
by that of Demetrium, derived from the temple of Demeter, spoken of by Homer,
and which Strabo describes as distant two stadia from Pyrasus. Demetrium is mentioned
as a town of Phthiotis by Scylax (p. 24, Hudson), Livy (xxviii. 6), Stephanus
B. (s. v. Demetrion), and Mela (ii. 3). Leake places Pyrasus at Kokkina, where
there are vestiges of an ancient town, consisting of wrought quadrangular blocks,
together with many smaller fragments, and an oblong height with a flat summit,
partly if not wholly artificial. He also states that at Kokkina there is a circular
basin full of water near the shore, which was once probably a small harbour, since
there are traces of a mole not far from it. The exact site of the temple was probably
at a spot, 5 minutes short of Kokkina, where exist many stones and some hewn blocks.
(Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 366.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΦΘΙΩΤΙΔΕΣ ΘΗΒΑΙ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΛΟΣ
Phthiae (Thebai hai phthiotides, Polyb. v. 99; Strab. ix. p. 433;
Thebae Phthiae, Liv. xxxii. 33), an important town of Phthiotis in Thessaly, was
situated in the northeastern corner of this district, near the sea, and at the
distance of 300 stadia from Larissa. (Polyb. l. c.) It is not mentioned in the
Iliad, but it was at a later time the most important maritime city in Thessaly,
till the foundation of Demetrias, by Demetrius Poliorcetes, about B.C. 290. (
Thebas Phthias unum maritimum emporium fuisse quondam Thessalis quaestuosum et
fugiferum, Liv. xxxix. 25.) It is first mentioned in B.C. 282, as the only Thessalian
city, except Pelinnaeum, that did not take part in the Lamiac war. (Diod. xviii.
11.). In the war between Demetrius Poliorcetes and Cassander, in B.C. 302, Thebes
was one of the strongholds of Cassander. (Diod. xx. 110.) It became at a later
time the chief possession of the Aetolians in northern Greece; but it was wrested
from them, after an obstinate siege, by Philip, the son of Demetrius, who changed
its name into Philippopolis. (Polyb. v. 99, 100; Diod. xxvi. p. 513, ed. Wesseling.)
It was attacked by the consul Flamininus, previous to the battle of Cynoscephalae,
B.C. 197, but without success. (Liv. xxxiii. 5; Polyb. xviii. 2.) After the defeat
of Philip, the name of Philippopolis was gradually dropped, though both names
are used by Livy in narrating the transactions of the year B.C. 185. (Liv. xxxix,
25.) It continued to exist under the name of Thebes in the time of the Roman Empire,
and is mentioned by Hierocles in the sixth century. ( Thebae Thessalae, Plin.
v. 8. s. 15; Thebai phthiotidos, Ptol. iii. 13. § 17; Steph. B. s. v.; Hierocl.
p. 642, ed. Wess.) The ruins of Thebes are situated upon a height half a mile
to the north-east of Ak-Ketjel. The entire circuit of the walls and towers, both
of the town and citadel, still exist; and the circumference is between 2 and 3
miles. The theatre, of which only a small part of tile exterior circular wall
of the cavea remains, stood about the centre of the city, looking towards the
sea.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΑΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΜΑΓΝΗΣΙΑ
nbsp; A town in Magnesia in Thessaly, on the innermost recesses of
the Pagasaean Gulf, founded by Demetrius Poliorcetes, and peopled by the inhabitants
of Iolcus and the surrounding towns. Its position was such that it was styled
by the last Philip of Macedon one of the three fetters of Greece, the other two
being Chalcis and Corinth.
This text is cited Oct 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΙΩΛΚΟΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΛΟΣ
(Iolkos). An ancient town in Magnesia in Thessaly, at the top of the Pagasean Gulf, about a mile from the sea. It was celebrated in mythology as the residence of Pelias and Iason, and as the place from which the Argonauts sailed in quest of the golden fleece.
ΠΗΛΙΟΝ (Βουνό) ΜΑΓΝΗΣΙΑ
(to Pelion oros), more rarely Pelios (Pelios). A lofty range
of mountains in Thessaly, in the district of Magnesia, situated between the lake
Boebeis and the Pagasaean Gulf. Its sides were covered with wood, and on its summit
was a temple of Zeus Actaeus. Mount Pelion was celebrated in mythology. Near its
summit was the cave of the Centaur Chiron. The Giants, in their war with the gods,
are said to have attempted to heap Ossa and Olympus on Pelion, or Pelion and Ossa
on Olympus, in order to scale heaven. On Pelion the timber was felled with which
the ship Argo was built.
This text is cited Oct 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΦΘΙΩΤΙΔΕΣ ΘΗΒΑΙ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΛΟΣ
Called Phthioticae (hai Phthiotides), an important city of Thessaly in the district Phthiotis, at a short distance from the coast, and with a good harbour.
ΦΘΙΩΤΙΔΕΣ ΘΗΒΑΙ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΛΟΣ
ΓΛΑΦΥΡΑΙ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΛΟΣ
A town near Lake Boibeis, mentioned in Homer but not by later authors;
it belonged to Magnesia. The site is now generally taken to be the hill N of the
village of Kaprena near modern Glafira. Leake was able to trace the full circuit
of the walls, built of roughly shaped blocks in irregular courses, and reported
considerable remains of walls inside. Inscriptions found there indicate that the
town continued to be inhabited in the Classical period.
M. H. Mc Allister, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΑΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΜΑΓΝΗΣΙΑ
A city of Magnesia. It was founded in ca. 293 B.C. by Demetrios Poliorketes
as a synoecism, according to Strabo (9.436, 443), of Neleia, Pagasai, Ormenion,
Rhizus, Sepias, Boibe, lolkos, and probably Kasthanaie. From inscriptions we learn
that Spalauthra, Korope, Halos, Aiole, Homolion were absorbed into it then or
later. Demetrias was then and through the 3d c. B.C. a strong point and harbor
for the Antigonids. In 196 B.C. it fell to Rome and in 194 B.C. was made head
of the Magnesian League (Livy 34.51.3). With inside help it fell to the Aitolians
in 192 B.C. (Livy 35.34) and was used by Antiochus III until his retreat from
Greece. The confused city was retaken by Philip V of Macedon in 191 B.C. (Livy
36.33) and remained in Macedonian control until the battle of Pydna in 167 B.C.,
when its fortifications were destroyed. It continued, however, as head of the
reformed Magnesian League, and flourished through the Roman period, although its
most splendid days were past. It was a bishopric in the Christian period, was
ravaged by the Saracens in the 9th c., and declined until its desertion by 1600.
The city was long thought to be located at Goritza across the way,
but has proved to be, as Strabo (9.436) stated, exactly between Pagasai and Neleia,
indeed it absorbed part of the walled area of Pagasai and probably all of Neleia.
Pagasai is immediately SW of Demetrias and Neleia was probably at the tip of modern
Cape Pevkakia (Tarsanas) within the wall circuit of Demetrias. Demetrias is on
the W shore of the Gulf of Pagasai, 3 km SE of modern Volo. Its wall included
a rocky cape (Pevkakia) jutting E into the gulf and a hill inland to the W. The
low hill of the cape and the higher one inland are separated by a flat valley
through which runs the modern Volo-Halmyros road. Immediately to the S of this
cape is a marsh (Halykes) which may have been the S harbor of the city, and to
the N a bay (N harbor) with a marsh (Bourboulithra) at its W end.
The wall of Demetrias, ca. 7 km in circumference, is fairly well preserved
to several courses high along much of its length; it has largely disappeared along
the shore between the Pevkakia peninsula and the Bourboulithra marsh. The enclosed
acropolis is on a high point (Palatia, 170 m) on the W hill of the city. There
remain 182 projecting towers, more or less evenly spaced along the wall. The wall
and towers consist of a stone socle with mudbrick upper parts, the brick represented
now only by some earth covering. The socle is built of rough-faced rectangular
and trapezoidal blocks laid in more or less regular courses, and varying somewhat
in style depending on the material at hand. It is double with a filling of stones.
In some places the remains of an outer wall (proteichisma) also furnished with
towers (included in the 182) may be seen. The wall must date from the early 3d
c. B.C. A few of the towers at the SW end of the city were hastily enlarged, perhaps
at some time between 192 and 191 B.C. in connection with the Aitolian takeover,
or Antiochus' use of the city, or in the disturbed period after his departure.
These towers included painted grave stelai from a necropolis immediately outside
the original wall.
Several buildings are visible within the circuit. No comprehensive
excavations have ever been carried out, although in the early part of the century
Arvanitopoullos excavated here and there (including the stelai towers) and some
areas have been cleared or recleared recently.
The civic center of the ancient city seems to have been at least partly
at the base of the peninsula. Here are the foundations of a temple, perhaps originally
peripteral, excavated in 1908 and recently cleared. It is attributed to Artemis
lolkia, and apparently dates to the early 3d c. B.C. Remains of its peribolos
wall can be seen to the N and S of it. It appears that at least on the W side
the precinct was bounded by a stoa. Within the peribolos was a Sacred Market,
known from inscriptions. Just N of this is a large (54 x 55 m) building with a
square central peristyle court surrounded by rooms. Stahlin thought this was a
market, but by analogy with, e.g., the Macedonian palace at Verghina it has recently
tentatively been identified as the Antigonid palace known to have been built at
Demetrias. Partially excavated and recently cleared, it is dated to the first
half of the 3d c. B.C. West of this is a flat area with the remains of a terrace
wall at its W side. On the peninsula are various other ruins, including a shrine
of Pasikrata excavated by Arvanitopoullos. Some remains of the ancient harbor
may be seen. At the tip of the peninsula recent excavations have uncovered numerous
Mycenaean remains, probably those of Neleia, and some Hellenistic remains, notably
those of a purple-dye factory.
The ancient theater lay at the foot of the W hill, just across the
valley from the Macedonian palace (?). It was partially excavated early in the
century, and finally cleared in 1958 and 1959. The edge of the orchestra was discovered,
and the first row of seats. The theater apparently dates from the period of the
city's foundation. Only the foundations of the Hellenistic proskenion remain.
The fairly well-preserved skene is of the Late Roman period. North of the theater
are two large hollow areas, and some ancient remains including washbasins. It
is presumed the hippodrome and stadium were here. On the N harbor there is a modern
lighthouse. Near this in 1912 were discovered the poros foundations of a temple.
The main Late Roman and Christian settlement was evidently in the
flat valley by the N harbor. Here are numerous wall remains, the foundations of
a basilica, etc. Seventy-six piers of a Roman Imperial aqueduct (now called Dontia,
teeth) cross the valley from just S of the theater. In 1962 an Early Christian
(late 4th c. B.C.) basilica was excavated above the S harbor of the city.
There are few remains to be seen on the city's W hill. Above the theater
is a not completely understood building partially cleared in 1961. This is a complex
of rooms and terraces with a rough surrounding wall, and a roadway leading to
an entrance, perhaps with propylon, on the W side. There was an altar in the center
of the complex. Stahlin suggested the Macedonian palace might have been here,
but at present this building is considered to be a shrine.
The finds from Demetrias are mainly in the Museum of Volo; some of
the objects from tombs are in the Stathatos Collection in the National Museum
of Athens. Perhaps the most notable group of objects is that of the painted grave
stelai from the towers. Numbering ca. 400 and dating mainly from the 3d c. B.C.,
they are of marble, painted with encaustic, generally with farewell scenes, or
single or grouped figures. Most are faded; a few retain considerable color.
T. S. Mackay, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
ΟΡΜΙΝΙΟΝ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΛΟΣ
An ancient site on a ridge just SE of modern Volo. The ridge stretches
down from the mass of Pelion to the sea, and cuts off the plain of Volo from that
of (modern) Agria to the SE; thus the site on it controls the road from Thessaly
along the inner coast of Magnesia. This site and Demetrias across the way control
shipping into the innermost recess of the Gulf of Pagasai, now the harbor of Volo.
The site used to be thought Demetrias but Stahlin suggested that it was Orminion.
Strabo (9.438) says Orminion is 27 stades (ca. S m) distant from Demetrias by
land, and 20 (ca. 4 km) from the site of Iolkos, which is on the road between
the two. This is approximately correct for equating Orminion with Goritsa. Orminion
was one of the cities incorporated into Demetrias in 293 B.C., but otherwise nothing
is known of its history.
A considerable amount of the wall circuit remains on the hill, in
form an oval with pointed ends running roughly SW-NE, and ca. 2,480 m around.
The NW long wall runs along the irregular spine of the ridge, and the SE wall
along its sloping side, close above the sea. The old road from Volo to Agria ran
through the center of the walled city, but a new road has been built along the
shore, below the walls. The wall is double faced, with tie blocks, the interior
filled with earth. The faces are built of large rectangular or trapezoidal blocks
laid in fairly regular courses. Like the fortifications of Demetrias, the wall
consisted of a stone socle and upperworks of earth or mudbrick. The wall was furnished
with 26 projecting square towers. The highest point of the ridge, about in the
middle of the long wall, is enclosed to make a fortified acropolis of very small
area; this now contains a Church of the Panaghia. Here are a cistern and, before
the rebuilding of the church, the foundation of a building 14 x 10 m. In 1931
some tests in the church foundations revealed ancient blocks (part of this foundation?).
The city wall presently visible is successor to an earlier one of much the same
construction. A stretch of this earlier wall is visible outside the later one
to the S of the city's W gate, another section at the middle of the long SE wall
where the earlier wall lies along the edge of a ravine, partly outside and partly
inside the later one. The original wall included a small hill at the NE end of
the city, which the later wall excluded. The later wall had gates well protected
by towers at the SW end of the circuit, a N gate between the acropolis and the
outlying hill mentioned above, a SE gate at the head of a ravine just above the
W end of the Agria plain (where there used to be a marshy area, perhaps an ancient
boat landing or harbor, but then by the 1930s a cement factory) and a narrow gate
at the head of the ravine where the earlier wall is visible, in the middle of
the SE wall. At the NE end of the circuit where the later wall was built considerably
inside the line of the earlier one are the remains of a powerful bastion built
to protect this rather accessible section. This bastion was partially excavated
in 1931, but only described in 1956. It consisted of a thick stretch of wall flanked
by two projecting rectangular towers with half-round outer faces. The towers inside
had each a rectangular room; the outer semicircle was solid. There was a door
into each tower from the city, and small entrances into each from the outside,
at the corner between the tower and the wall between them. The whole bastion is
ca. 34 m wide and 14 m deep.
In the center of the city is a square level area 61 x 61 m, probably
the ancient agora. A water channel cut in the rock and covered with slabs can
be seen along the N side, and for a little way down the E side. Near the NE corner
of this area is a small (9 x 6 m) foundation, probably of a temple. The street
pattern of the ancient town was a grid, oriented NS by EW. Streets and house remains
can be made out in many places.
Outside the walls, above the modern road from Volo to Agria, on the
slope of the hill, a private excavation in 1931 revealed some ancient tombs--one
containing objects of silver, bronze, and alabaster--of the Hellenistic period,
now in the Volo Museum. In 1962 a cist grave of the same period was excavated
here. In the SE end of the Volo plain under the Goritsa hill, and near the beach
could be seen (1930s) some Roman and/or Byzantine wall remains.
It has been suggested by Meyer that the fortifications of the city
were constructed at the same time as those of Demetrias as part of the same scheme.
The later wall is of problematic date, but may, with the bastion, have been constructed
by Antiochus III in 192-191 B.C., in connection with his use of Demetrias as a
headquarters in his war with the Romans.
T. S. Mackay, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
ΠΑΓΑΣΑΙ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΛΟΣ
The city seems to have existed from the 7th or the 6th c. B.C. as
the port of Pherai. In 353-352 B.C. it was taken by Philip II of Macedon, who
made it an independent city, probably of Magnesia (Diod. Sic. 16.31.6, 35.5; Theopomp.:
FGrH 115 fr. 53, 54; Dem. 4.35). In 293 B.C. it was absorbed into Demetrias. Pagasai
was supposed to be 90 stades (14 km) from Pherai, 20 stades (ca. 4 km) from Iolkos
(Strab. 9.436), between the latter and Amphanai (Skylax 64f). Ruins on the W shore
of the Gulf of Volo, ca. 4 km S of Volo, were long recognized as those of Pagasai.
Walls of two periods were involved. In 1908, however, Arvanitopoullos determined
that the later part of the walls belonged to Demetrias and only the older wall
circuit adjoining it to the S were the walls of Pagasai.
This wall runs from a hill called Prophitis Elias (44 m) which is
ca. one km from the sea just to the E of the modern shore road Volo, SW across
a dry wash (Ligarorema) and along the SW side of a low ridge about 2 km long,
then around its end (Damari) and along the N side. The wall crosses the Ligarorema
a little less than 2 km NW of the Prophitis Elias hill. It runs less than 1 km
NW to the Kastro hill (201 m), and then N for a short distance where it disappears.
Both ends of the wall are very close to the walls of Demetrias. There is no indication
of how the two ends joined; it seems likely the wall must have curved through
the city area of later Demetrias. The masonry varies from roughly polygonal to
rectangular blocks, depending on the native type of rock. It is poorly preserved.
There are the remains of 69 towers to be seen, but apparently traces of 138 regularly
spaced along the wall. The preserved section is 5 km long; the estimated original
length about 8 km. The wall seems to date from the first half of the 4th c. The
walls seem not to have included a harbor. Just to the E of the city is a promontory
(modern Pevkakia, formerly Tarsanas, ancient Neleia). To the S and N of this are
possible harbors (the N later included in the walls of Demetrias); it is not clear
which Pagasai's harbor was or whether both were used. Only one small square foundation
has been found inside the city's SE wall and no buildings certainly earlier than
Demetrias' foundation outside. Some sculpture, including a head of the 5th c.,
now in Volo, has been found in the area, and some graves belonging to the city.
It has been suggested that the walled area was generally disused after Demetrias'
foundation, as Hellenistic graves have been found outside the walls of Demetrias
but inside those of Pagasai.
T. S. Mackay, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
ΠΥΡΑΣΟΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΛΟΣ
The harbor town of Thessalian Thebes on a small hill overlooking the
Bay of Volo. A small fish pond between the hill and the sea represents the site
of the ancient harbor, known in later times as Demetrion from the early and important
Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore. The site of the sanctuary is disputed, but numerous
gravestones attest the international character of the harbor. Stahlin found an
early circuit wall of field stones and mudbrick overlaid by Byzantine remains
near the top of the hill, and other similar walls at the foot on the NE and E.
M. H. Mc Allister, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
ΦΘΙΩΤΙΔΕΣ ΘΗΒΑΙ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΛΟΣ
A city located at the N end of the ancient Krokian plain (modern plain
of Halmyros). It is also known as Thebes of Achaia and Thebes of Thessaly. Modern
Mikrothivai (formerly Akitsi) is in the plain a little S of the ancient city.
Thebes shared the plain with Halos to the S. Its inland neighbors were Pherai
and Pharsalos, its neighbor to the N was Demetrias/Pagasai (Strab. 9.433, 435;
Polyb. 5.99).
The site has been occupied since the Stone Age, but does not appear
by name until the 4th c. B.C. It was enlarged by a synoecism with the neighboring
cities of Phylake and Pyrasos (the latter at modern Nea Anchialos, on the shore
ca. 6 km to the E) probably in the second half of the 4th c. B.C. It became the
leading city of the Phthiotic Achaian League and flourished as the main harbor
on the Gulf of Pagasai until the foundation of Demetrias in ca. 293 B.C. In the
second half of the 3d c. B.C. it was joined to the Aitolians. Philip V of Macedon
took it after a siege in 217 B.C. for that reason. He enslaved the inhabitants
and placed a Macedonian colony there. In 189 B.C. it became again capital of the
newly reformed Phthiotic Achaian League, which was in Augustus' time reattached
completely to Thessaly. Thebes was then in existence and Pyrasos abandoned, but
in the Roman Imperial period Thebes moved to the old site of Pyrasos, where it
flourished then and later. The old site was apparently not abandoned completely,
but the main development of the city was at its harbor.
The ancient acropolis was a rocky peak overlooking the plain. It was
surrounded by a wall of large rough blocks, apparently Cyclopean. The wall surrounding
the lower city is still visible, although in some places only the foundation is
left. It makes a large circuit down the hill from the acropolis SE to the plain.
It is ca. 2 m long. The acropolis and hill slope are flanked by two deep ravines.
There are some 40 towers along the wall, which is constructed of rectangular and
trapezoidal blocks of irregular size, laid in more or less regular courses except
where stepped in the slopes. Stahlin dated the wall to the 4th c. B.C.
Excavations, principally on the acropolis, uncovered prehistoric through
Byzantine layers, and in the Greek level the foundations of a temple (9 x 12 m)
perhaps originally distyle in antis. It may have been the Temple of Athena Polias,
who is known to have had a cult at this site. It was built with materials from
an earlier temple. Near the acropolis some post-Classical statuary was recently
discovered, including a head of Asklepios? from a sanctuary.
A few remains of the lower city are visible. The ancient theater of
which some seats are to be seen was about half way down the hill, looking towards
the sea. South of this was a stoa of the Hellenistic period and another building
excavated in 1907. South of these were the foundations of a large building (14
x 19 m) also excavated at that time.
Objects from Thebes are largely in the Museum of Volo, although some
are in the small Halmyros Museum.
T. S. Mackay, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
ΠΗΛΙΟ (Χιονοδρομικό κέντρο) ΠΗΛΙΟΝ
Το Πήλιο ειναι ιδανικό μέρος για διακοπές όλο το χρόνο. Ειδικά στη διάρκεια του
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Πηλίου για να απολαύσουν το χιόνι και τις ομορφιές του βουνού. Έχετε ποτέ φανταστεί
να κάνετε σκι με θέα το Αιγαίο; Αυτός ο μοναδικός συνδυασμός βουνού και θάλασσας
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