Εμφανίζονται 7 τίτλοι με αναζήτηση: Πληροφορίες για τον τόπο για το τοπωνύμιο: "ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ Αρχαία περιοχή ΕΛΛΑΔΑ".
Total results on 23/4/2001: 1000 for Macedonia, 41 for Makedonia.
Pages of Macedonia University.
A country in Europe, north of Greece, said to have been originally
named Emathia. Its boundaries before the time of Philip, the father of Alexander,
were, on the south, Olympus and the Cambunian Mountains, which separated it from
Thessaly and Epirus; on the east, the river Strymon, which separated it from Thrace;
and on the north and west, Illyria and Paeonia. Macedonia was greatly enlarged
by the conquests of Philip. He added to his kingdom Paeonia on the north; a part
of Thrace on the east as far as the river Nestus, which Thracian district was
usually called Macedonia Adiecta; the peninsula Chalcidice on the south; and on
the west a part of Illyria as far as Lake Lychnitis. On the conquest of the country
by the Romans, B.C. 168, Macedonia was divided into four districts, independent
of one another; but the whole country was formed into a Roman province after the
conquest of the Achaeans in 146.
Macedonia may be described as a large plain, surrounded on
three sides by lofty mountains. Through this plain, however, run many smaller
ranges of mountains, between which are wide and fertile valleys, extending from
the coast far into the interior. The chief mountains were Scordus, or Scardus,
on the northwest frontier, towards Illyria and Dardania; further east Orbelus
and Scomius, which separated it from Moesia; and Rhodope, which extended from
Scomius in a southeasterly direction, forming the boundary between Macedonia and
Thrace. On the southern frontier were the Cambunii Montes and Olympus. The chief
rivers were in the direction of east to west-- the Nestus, the Strymon, the Axius,
the largest of all, the Ludias or Lydias, and the Haliacmon. The chief cities
were Aegae and Pella, the capitals, and Pydna, Potidaea, Olynthus, Amphipolis,
and Philippi. The great bulk of the inhabitants of Macedonia consisted of Thracian
and Illyrian tribes. At an early period some Greek tribes settled in the southern
part of the country. They are said to have come from Argos, and to have been led
by the three sons of Temenus, the Heraclid. Perdiccas, the youngest of the three,
was looked upon as the founder of the Macedonian monarchy. A later tradition,
however, regarded Caranus, who was also a Heraclid from Argos, as the founder
of the monarchy. These Greek settlers intermarried with the original inhabitants
of the country. The dialect which they spoke was akin to the Doric, but it contained
many barbarous words and forms; and the Macedonians accordingly were never regarded
by the other after the Roman Conquest. Greeks as genuine Hellenes. Moreover, it
was only in the south of Macedonia that the Greek language was spoken.
Very little is known of the history of Macedonia till the reign
of Amyntas I., who was a contemporary of Darius Hystaspis; but from that time
their history is more or less intimately connected with that of Greece, till at
length Philip, the father of Alexander the Great, became the virtual master of
the whole of Greece. The conquests of Alexander extended the Macedonian supremacy
over a great part of Asia; and the Macedonian kings continued to exercise their
sovereignty over Greece till the conquest of Perseus by the Romans, in B.C. 168,
brought the Macedonian monarchy to a close.
This text is cited Oct 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Region of northern Greece
(also called Macedonia) between Thessalia
south, Thracia north and
east, Epirus and Illyria
west.
The kingdom of Macedon that existed in historical times traced its
origins to the city of Argos,
the native city of its first king, Perdiccas I, who reigned there in the VIIth
century B. C. and founded a dynasty that reached its peak with Alexander the Great
in the later part of the IVth century B. C. Perdiccas was supposed to descend
from Heracles through Temenus, the legendary conqueror of Peloponnese
and king of Argos. Macedon
was made up of the gathering of several tribes under the leadership of a single
king who kept his authority with the help of his army, and its borders didn't
change much during the two centuries until the times of Philip and Alexander the
Great.
One of Perdiccas' successors, Amyntas I established good relations
with the Athens of Pisistratus,
but, under his reign, Macedon was subjected to Persia.
Amyntas' son, Alexander I, fought in the army of Xerxes with a Macedonian contingent
during the Persian wars. Yet, he managed to secretly help the Greeks against the
Persians, earning the surname “Philhellen”, that is, “friend
of the Greeks”. As a result, he obtained for Macedon the freedom from Persian
dominion after the victory of the Greeks.
Around 450, Alexander was succeeded by his son Perdiccas II. During
his reign, Macedon switched sides several times between Athens
and Sparta. The Athenians
sent their troops first against Macedon, but soon accepted a truce with Perdiccas
to concentrate on rebellious Potidaea.
According to Thucydides (Histories, I, 56-66) these events played a key role in
leading to the Peloponnesian War a couple of years later. In 424, Perdiccas, hoping
for help against his own Thracian ennemies, sided with the Spartans when they
sent in Thracia, under the
orders of Brasidas, the expedition which led to the take over of Amphipolis.
This put him in open war with Athens.
Yet, soon disappointed by the insufficient help he received from Brasidas in his
own enterprises, the following year, he again switched alliances and renewed with
Athens. But, when, after
the battle of Mantinea in
418, Argos signed a peace
treaty with Sparta, Perdiccas,
who traced his origins to Argos,
was on their side, though, by 414, he seemed to be again fighting on the side
of the Athenians. When he died the following year, he was succeeded by his son
Archelaus.
With Archelaus, who remained more faithful to the alliance with Athens,
the court of Pella became
a brilliant place which attracted many talented artists. Yet, his death around
400 was followed by forty years of troubles and power struggles until Philip reached
the throne in 359, leading to the eventual dominion of Macedon over the rest of
Greece and a huge empire
conquered by his son Alexander the Great, and the beginning of what is known as
the “Hellenistic” period.
Bernard Suzanne (page last updated 1998), ed.
This extract is cited July 2003 from the Plato and his dialogues URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks.
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