Εμφανίζονται 49 τίτλοι με αναζήτηση: Αρχαιολογικοί χώροι στην ευρύτερη περιοχή: "ΜΥΚΟΝΟΣ Νησί ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ" .
ΔΗΛΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
Site: Delos
Type: Stoa
Summary: Peristyle court; directly south of the Sacred Lake.
Date: ca. 110 B.C. - 88 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan: A trapezoidal court with a two-storied colonnade on all 4 sides.
Lower story of Doric columns and upper story of Ionic pillars. Rooms, shops and
exedra surrounded court on ground level.
History:
The Agora was built by Roman and other Italian merchants who used it for conducting
business or as a club house. The surrounding rooms and exedra were added over
a period of time.
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Site: Delos
Type: Temple
Summary: Amphiprostyle temple; in the Sanctuary of Apollo, between
the Porinos Naos and the Delian Temple of Apollo.
Date: ca. 425 B.C. - 417 B.C.
Period: Classical
Plan:
Doric amphiprostyle temple, 6 columns at the front and back, single cella
with pronaos having 4 square pillars in antis and opening west. Semi-circular
statue base in cella.
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Site: Delos
Type: Bouleuterion
Summary: Rectangular council house; in the Sanctuary of Apollo,
between the Delian Temple of Apollo and the Neorium (Monument of the Bulls).
Date: ca. 600 B.C. - 550 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
Rectangular building divided into 2 rooms. Larger southern room divided into
2 aisles by a central colonnade. Two entrances on western side of southern room
and one on eastern side. Smaller, nearly square northern room entered from the
southern one.
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Site: Delos
Type: Temple
Summary: Peripteral temple; located in the Sanctuary of Apollo,
south of the Athenian Temple of Apollo.
Date: ca. 477 B.C.
Period: Classical
Plan:
Doric peripteral temple, 6 x 13 columns. West opening cella with a pronaos
and an opisthodomos, both distyle in antis.
History:
Completion delayed, and temple not completed until the end of the 4th century
B.C.
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Site: Delos
Type: Hall
Summary: Meeting place for the council; on the northwestern corner
of the Sanctuary of Apollo, east of the Thesmophorium.
Date: ca. 450 B.C. - 150 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
Two halls, both opening south.
History:
Numerous alterations and additions between the 5th century B.C. and the 2nd
century B.C. During the Roman period a small temple was erected on the same location.
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Site: Delos
Summary: House; on the western side of the Sanctuary of Apollo,
north of the Oikos of Andros.
Date: ca. 520 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
Simple rectangular room with entrance on east.
History:
This small structure is also restored as having a narrow prodomos with 2 columns
in antis. Previously known (in conjunction with the Oikos of Andros) as the Monument
of the Hexagons, from the marble decoration of the walls.
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Site: Delos
Type: House
Summary: House: northwest of the Sacred Lake, among the other houses
of the north quarter.
Date: ca. 200 B.C. - 150 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
Irregular rectangle, made up of several rooms arranged around a columned court.
History:
Named for a copy of a Polykleitos sculpture found there.
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Site: Delos
Type: House
Summary: House; near the Sacred Lake, directly to the north of the
Lake.
Date: ca. 300 B.C. - 100 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
Irregular shaped house, with irregularly shaped rooms grouped around a courtyard.
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Site: Delos
Type: House Summary: House; in the theater quarter to the southeast
of the theater.
Date: ca. 120 B.C. - 80 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
Large house with courtyards, and probably a colonnade on the outside northeast
corner.
History:
Walls painted to resemble marble. Mosaic pavements in 4 rooms depicting scenes
related either to Dionysos or to drama. May have served as a hostel for visiting
troops of performers.
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Site: Delos
Type: House
Summary: House with peristyle court; in the theater quarter on the
road of the theater.
Date: ca. 150 B.C. - 100 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
Irregularly shaped with main door on the west leading to a large central courtyard
with a Rhodian peristyle of Doric columns. Impluvium within courtyard with cistern
for rainwater beneath.
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Site: Delos
Type: House
Summary: House; west of the Sacred Lake and west of the houses of
the north quarter.
Date: ca. 300 B.C. - 100 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan: Nearly square, several rectangular rooms off a court with a square peristyle.
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Site: Delos
Type: Hall
Summary: Large hall with many interior columns; located off the
northwest corner of the Sanctuary of Apollo.
Date: ca. 210 B.C. - 200 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan: Almost entirely open on the south side. Facade of 15 Doric (but fluted
as if Ionic) columns between pilasters. Interior colonnade of 44 columns, arranged
in 2 rectangles, one within the other, with a line of columns in the center (the
middle column of the line omitted). Outside rectangular colonnade was formed by
Doric columns taller than the 15 columns of the facade. Inner rectangular colonnade
of Ionic columns taller than both the outer rectangular colonnade and columns
of the facade. Hipped roof with an opaion supported by Ionic piers.
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Site: Delos
Summary: Approximately square building; to the east of the Oikos
of Andros and the Hieropoion.
Date: ca. 350 B.C.
Period: Late Classical
Plan:
Cella and pronaos.
History:
Alternative reconstructions include 12 prostyle Ionic columns and interior
colonnades, not shown in this drawing. Identified as the Keraton, a building that
housed an altar of the horns. Erected by the Athenians during the Second League.
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Site: Delos
Type: Hall
Summary: Complex of courts and rooms; west and slightly north of
the Sacred Lake.
Date: ca. 125 B.C. - 100 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
A door on the southern side let into a short hall leading to a court with
a colonnade on its western side, opening into 4 chapels. West of the entry were
small rectangular rooms. East of the 1st court was a rectangular peristyle court
with a Doric colonnade and a cistern. On the northwest corner of the structure
and entered from the peristyle court was another court with a mosaic pavement,
probably a meeting or reunion hall. In the southeast corner were reception halls
with halls and shops below in a basement.
History:
Mixed Greek and Syrian design. Built by Syrian merchants and ship owners
from Beirut during the time when Delos was briefly the commercial center of Greece,
and used as a guild hall or club house. Baal, whom they principally worshipped,
was identified with Poseidon, hence the name, Poseidoniasts.
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Site: Delos
Type: Stoa
Summary: L-shaped stoa; bounded the Sanctuary of Artemis (Artemision)
on the eastern side of the Sanctuary of Apollo.
Date: ca. 110 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
One-aisled, L-shaped with Ionic colonnade opening west and south. At the southern
end of the eastern wing the wall returns to create a small room.
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Site: Delos
Type: Stoa
Summary: Stoa creating north and east sides of a court; south of
the Sanctuary of Apollo.
Date: ca. 187 B.C. - 173 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
Two-storied, L-shaped stoa opening south and west, with rooms behind the two-aisled
colonnades. Pilasters on 2nd story instead of columns.
History:
Also referred to as the Rectangular Agora. The L- Shaped Stoa, the Oblique
Stoa and the South Stoa created the sides of a court known as the Agora of the
Delians.
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Site: Delos
Type: Hall
Summary: Small hall; east and slightly north of the Theater, directly
in front of the Samothrakeion.
Date: ca. 100 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
Rectangular hall with 2 Ionic columns in antis at the entrance which opened
to the south.
History:
A monument of Mithradates Eupater, king of Pontus, this structure had a statue
of the king and medallion portraits of his generals on the walls.
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Site: Delos
Type: Shipshed
Summary: Oblong hall; located on the eastern side of the Sanctuary
of Apollo.
Date: ca. 300 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
Eight column hexastyle prostyle pronaos led into a long narrow cella with
a pitched ceiling and floor depressed about 0.5 meters forming a basin and creating
benches on each side. Cella had a room at the north end containing a large triangular
base. Between the main room of the cella and the small inner room were Doric half
columns engaged to each wall and 2 piers which were Doric half columns on one
side and Bull capital pilasters on the other.
History:
Probably designed to hold a trireme dedicated after a naval victory, this
building is built in the form of a shipshed. Previously called the Monument of
the Bulls because of bulls head capitals on the interior pilasters. Dinsmoor refers
to this as the Pythium (Pythion) because the small room to the north of the cella
was dedicated to the Pythian Apollo.
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Site: Delos
Type: Stoa
Summary: Stoa; south of the Sanctuary of Apollo, south of the L-shaped
Stoa of the Agora of the Delians.
Date: ca. 250 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
One-aisled stoa opening north with Doric colonnade.
History:
The Oblique Stoa, the L- Shaped Stoa of the Agora of the Delians and the South
Stoa created the sides of a court known as the Agora of the Delians.
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Site: Delos
Type: Hall
Summary: Rectangular building; in the Sanctuary of Apollo at the
west end of the Stoa of Antigonos.
Date: ca. 402 B.C. - 394 B.C.
Period: Late Classical
Plan:
Rectangular room opening south onto a prostyle colonnade of 8 Doric columns.
History:
Referred to in inscriptions as the Oikos or Graphe, this may have been an administrative
building. The colonnade is a later addition.
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Site: Delos
Summary: Rectangular building; on the western side of the Sanctuary
of Apollo, at the north end of the Stoa of the Naxians.
Date: ca. 520 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
Simple rectangular room with entrance on the east. Southern wall was shared
with the Stoa of the Naxians, northern wall shared with the Hieropoion.
History:
Previously known in conjunction with the Hieropoion as the Monument of the
Hexagons, from the marble decoration of the walls.
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Site: Delos
Type: Hall
Summary: Rectangular hall with porches; on the southern side of
the Sanctuary of Apollo.
Date: ca. 575 B.C. - 560 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
Two-aisled hall with central colonnade of 8 columns, opening onto a porch
distyle in antis at the west end and onto a porch of 4 prostyle Ionic columns
at the east end.
History:
Used as a club house or guildhall. Dedicated by the Naxians to Apollo. This
building replaced an earlier three-aisled hall of the 7th century B.C, which had
an entrance on the north. Coulton and Dinsmoor claim an Ionic inner colonnade,
Zaphiropoulou believes it was Doric. The prostyle porch on the east was a later
addition.
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Site: Delos
Type: Temple
Summary: Temple; northernmost of the 3 temples to Apollo in the
central part of the Sanctuary of Apollo.
Date: ca. 550 B.C. - 525 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
Ionic temple with cella opening west onto a distyle in antis pronaos.
History:
This temple is also reconstructed as having 2 columns or piers dividing the entry
into 3 parts and having a hexastyle prostyle Ionic porch. Erected by the Athenians,
this temple may have replaced an earlier one built by the Naxians on the same
location. Money of the Delian League was originally deposited and held in this
building.
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Site: Delos
Type: Gate
Summary: Gate-building; on southern side of the Sanctuary of Apollo,
between the Oikos of the Naxians on the east and the Stoa of the Naxians on the
west.
Date: ca. 150 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
Prostyle, 4 Doric columns on the south. Four interior columns dividing opening
into 3 aisles. Three stepped platform.
History:
Built by the Athenians to replaced an earlier gateway.
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Site: Delos
Type: Prytaneion
Summary: Nearly rectangular building with internal divisions; toward
the south side of the Sanctuary of Apollo, south of the Bouleuterion, west of
the Neorium.
Date: ca. 500 B.C. - 350 B.C.
Period: Classical
Plan:
On the south a prodomos with 4 Doric columns and marble benches lining the
walls, led into a marble-paved court. North of this court were 2 large rooms,
each with a prodomos. West of the entrance of the northern room, were two smaller
rooms.
History:
The large northeastern room may have been a rest house. By 166 B.C. the 2
small center rooms were dedicated to the cult of the Demos of Athens and Rome.
The Prytaneis probably met in the northwesterly chamber where there are remains
of an altar of Hestia. Small niches in the north wall may have held archives.
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Site: Delos
Type: Temple
Summary: Small temple; located northeast, high on the slope east
of the Theater.
Date: ca. 400 B.C. - 300 B.C.
Period: Late Clas./Hell.
Plan:
A cella wider than long opened onto a pronaos with 4 Doric columns. Northeast
corner of porch blocked by the Monument of Mithradates. Southern end of porch
had 2 niches.
History:
Dedicated to the Kabeiroi, the Great Gods of Samothrace.
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Site: Delos
Type: Stoa
Summary: Stoa; south of the Sanctuary of Apollo and west of the
Oblique Stoa and the L-shaped Stoa of the Agora of the Delians.
Date: ca. 270 B.C. - 230 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
One-aisled stoa with Doric colonnade opening west, with rooms behind. The center
room was open on both ends creating a passage to the Agora of the Delians.
History:
The South Stoa, the Oblique Stoa and L- Shaped Stoa of the Agora of the Delians
created the sides of a court known as the Agora of the Delians. Also referred
to as the Little Stoa.
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Site: Delos
Type: Stoa
Summary: Two-aisled stoa; the north boundary of the Sanctuary of
Apollo.
Date: ca. 246 B.C. - 239 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
Two-aisled stoa opening south with Doric outer and Ionic inner colonnades
and projecting wings at either end. Along the south side, 47 Doric columns, fluted
only on the upper portion. Ionic inner colonnade of 19 columns.
History:
Identified by inscription on the entablature as built by the Macedonian ruler
Antigonos Gonatas. The stoa probably was for votive, not commercial use, since
the area in front was lined with statues and other dedications.
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Site: Delos
Type: Stoa
Summary: Two-part stoa; south of the Sanctuary of Apollo, between
the South Stoa and the harbor.
Date: ca. 216 B.C. - 200 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
Two one-aisled stoas sharing a back wall, one simple stoa opening east, one
L- shaped stoa opening west. Eastern stoa, opening east, 16 Doric columns with
returning end walls that had 4 windows each. Western stoa, opening west, Doric
colonnade with Ionic double half columns dividing main stoa from northeast room.
History:
Eastern stoa, dated to 216-200 B.C. by dedication inscription of Philip V.
The western stoa was probably added shortly later, this dating based on inscriptions
on contemporary exedrae.
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Site: Delos
Type: Stoa
Summary: L-shaped stoa; forming the southwest corner of the Sanctuary
of Apollo.
Date: ca. 550 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
L- shaped, one-aisled stoa with Ionic colonnade, opening north and east. North
wall shared with Oikos of Andros.
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Site: Delos
Type: Temple
Summary: Temple; toward the northwest corner of the Sanctuary of
Apollo, south of the L-Shaped Stoa.
Date: ca. 179 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
East opening cella wider than long. Six prostyle Ionic columns on the eastern
side in front of prolonged antae. The temple was set on a high base.
History:
This area of the Sanctuary of Apollo is dedicated to his sister Artemis. The
Hellenistic temple replaced and incorporated the remains of a 7th century B.C.
temple which had itself been built over the remains of a Mycenaean building.
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Site: Delos
Type: Temple
Summary: Temple; east of the Theater, east of Serapeion C.
Date: ca. 500 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
A cella with a distyle in antis pronaos with slender Doric columns and benches
on pronaos walls. Marble altar just south of the temple, outside the peribolos
wall.
History:
Beneath the remains of this Archaic temple are those of an early 7th century
B.C. temple. The walls of the earlier temple were of mudbrick and outer columns
were of wood on marble footings.
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Site: Delos
Type: Temple
Summary: Small temple; between the Sanctuary of Apollo and the Sacred
Lake, west of the Agora of the Italians.
Date: ca. 550 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
Wide cella.
History:
Also called the Letoon, this temple has a more detailed reconstruction: 2 columns
in antis in a wide opening between pronaos and cella. The pronaos may have been
unroofed. A marble bench attached to the outside walls and on the inside walls
ran a low ledge for offerings.
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Site: Delos
Type: Temple
Summary: Small prostyle temple; east of the Theater, in the middle
of the northern wall of Serapeion C.
Date: ca. 200 B.C. - 100 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
Cella with extended antae and prostyle tetrastyle pronaos. Steps leading to the
pronaos on 3 sides.
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Site: Delos
Type: Temple
Summary: Amphiprostyle temple; north of the Sanctuary of Apollo,
between the Agora of the Italians and the Hypostyle Hall.
Date: ca. 320 B.C. - 280 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
Doric amphiprostyle temple. Cella with a hexastyle prostyle pronaos opening east,
and a hexastyle prostyle opisthodomos.
History:
Replaced an archaic building known as the Dodecatheon, a temple dedicated to the
12 gods.
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Site: Delos
Type: Temple
Summary: Small temple; east of the Theater, north of the Temple
of Isis on the eastern side of the northern end of the Serapeion C.
Date: ca. 166 B.C. - 88 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
Cella with pronaos distyle in antis, opening west. A door on the north and on
the south communicating with the Temple of Isis.
History:
Dedicated to the Egyptian Gods, Anubis, Serapis and Isis, and contemporary with
the Temple of Isis to the south.
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Site: Delos
Type: Theater
Summary: Theater; south of the Sanctuary of Apollo.
Date: ca. 280 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
Stage building (skene) with colonnades on all sides, may have had 3 stories. Seats
divided horizontally by a diazomata. Lower section of seats had 26 rows, upper
section 17. Entered through paradoi, special entrances at diazomata, and another
entrance at the highest point of auditorium.
History:
Total capacity of 5500 people.
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Site: Delos
Type: Hall
Summary: Rectangular building; forming the northwest corner of the
Sanctuary of Apollo.
Date: ca. 480 B.C.
Period: Classical --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan:
Divided into 3 parts. The center section with door on the west was an open court,
surrounded by a Doric peristyle, 4 columns to a side. There were 2 small cellas
off of the peristyle court, one on the north side and one on the south side. In
each cella were 4 interior Ionic columns, arranged in a square.
History:
Hall used as a temple. Also known as the Sanctuary to Demeter and Persephone (Kore).
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Site: Delos
Type: Treasury
Summary: Small temple-like building; easternmost of the 5 treasuries
which form an arc northeast of the 3 Temples of Apollo in the Sanctuary of Apollo.
Date: ca. 500 B.C. - 450 B.C.
Period: Archaic/Classical
Plan:
Cella opening south with pronaos and opisthodomos both distyle in antis.
History:
This building is also reconstructed without the opisthodomos.
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Site: Delos
Type: Treasury
Summary: Small temple-like building; 2nd from east of the 5 treasuries
which form an arc northeast of the 3 Temples of Apollo in the Sanctuary of Apollo.
Date: ca. 500 B.C. - 450 B.C.
Period: Archaic/Classical
Plan:
Cella opening southwest onto a pronaos distyle in antis.
History:
Identified as probably the Hestiatorion of the Keians.
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Site: Delos
Type: Treasury Summary: Small temple-like building; the central
of the 5 treasuries which form an arc northeast of the 3 Temples of Apollo in
the Sanctuary of Apollo.
Date: ca. 500 B.C. - 450 B.C.
Period: Archaic/Classical
Plan:
Cella opening south onto a pronaos distyle in antis.
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Site: Delos
Type: Treasury
Summary: Small temple-like building; the 2nd from west and largest
of the 5 treasuries which form an arc northeast of the 3 Temples of Apollo in
the Sanctuary of Apollo.
Date: ca. 500 B.C. - 450 B.C.
Period: Archaic/Classical
Plan:
Cella with 3 supports running the length of the cella dividing it into 2 aisles.
Cella opening south onto a pronaos tetrastyle in antis.
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Site: Delos
Type: Treasury
Summary: Small temple-like building; the most westerly of the 5
treasuries which form an arc northeast of the 3 Temples of Apollo in the Sanctuary
of Apollo.
Date: ca. 600 B.C. - 500 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
Four columns dividing cella into 2 aisles. Cella opening south onto a pronaos
with 4 Doric columns in antis.
History:
This treasury is also reconstructed as having up to 6 columns in the cella and
up to 6 columns, prostyle, on the pronaos. The treasury was probably built by
the Karystians.
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Site: Delos
Type: Workshop
Summary: Rectangular building; on the southern flank of the Sanctuary
of Apollo, south of the Oikos of the Naxians.
Date: Unknown
Plan:
Divided into 3 sections. In each section a main room and a smaller room. Easternmost
and central sections with small rooms to the north. Westernmost section divided
into 2 almost equal sized rooms.
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Region: Cyclades
Periods: Dark Age, Geometric, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman
Type: Sanctuary, Settlement
Summary: Panhellenic Sanctuary of Apollo and Artemis.
Physical Description:
The sanctuary occupies a small (1.3 x 5 km) island at the center
(between Rheneia and Mykonos) of the Cycladic group and was the political and
religious center of the Aegean. It was said to be the birthplace of Apollo and
Artemis. Its oracle was second only to that of Delphi. Delian Festival and Games
held every 4 years. In addition to the Hieron of Apollo adjacent to the Sacred
Lake, the temples and monuments to other divinities and the sanctuary of foreign
gods, there was also a thriving residential district and maritime quarter to the
south.
Description:
Evidence for settlement on Delos goes back the Early Bronze
Age. In the later prehistoric period it was, according to legend, a stronghold
of Carian pirates until they were driven off by King Minos of Crete. The cult
of Apollo appeared on the island in the Dark Ages and by the Archaic period (when
the island was apparently under the control of Naxos), Delos served as the headquarters
and religious center of an Ionian League. A religious festival (the Delia) was
held (originally every year) to celebrate the birth of Apollo. Athens, a member
of the Ionian League, gained control over the sanctuary and under Peisistratos
(ca. 543 B.C.) instigated the first purification of the island (the removal of
all tombs in view of the temple). In 490 B.C. the Delians fled to Tenos, but the
Persians did not violate the sanctuary. Delos was made the center of the Athenian
controlled Delian League (the alliance of Greek states against future Persian
threat) and from 478-454 maintained the treasury of the league (until it was transferred
to Athens and partially misappropriated for the rebuilding of the Acropolis).
In 426 Athens reorganized the site and festival on an even larger scale and ordered
the second purification of the island (the dead were exhumed and removed and a
decree passed against birth, death, and pain on the island). In 422 Athens banished
the remaining Delians from the island (on the intervention of the Delphic oracle
they were allowed to return). Every year Athens sent a sacred embassy by trireme
to the Delia festival. At the end of the Peloponnesian War Sparta restored independence
to the Delians, but at the time of the 2nd Athenian League (378-314 B.C.) Athens
again controlled the sanctuary and island. Delos is again independent from ca.
314 until 166 B.C. It becomes the center of an island confederacy and enters the
most prosperous period of its history. The Hellenistic kings provided many new
buildings and offerings for the sanctuary, which was now under the control of
4 Hieropes (priest-administrators) elected annually by the Delians. The financial
and trading activities of the island grew while foreign merchants and bankers,
especially Roman, settled and installed sanctuaries to foreign deities on the
island. In 166 B.C. the Delians were expelled and Rome allowed Athenians to occupy
the island. Delos was made a free port (to undermine the commercial position of
Rhodes) and in 146 B.C. the destruction of Corinth and the immigration of Corinthian
merchants to Delos added to the island's growth. The religious aspects of the
island gave way to commercial interests and the Apollo festival became essentially
an international trade fair, with as many as 10,000 slaves changing hands in a
single day. In 88 B.C. Menophanes, a general of Mithradates attacked the island,
killed or enslaved the population, looted the sanctuary and destroyed the city.
In 87 B.C. Sulla retook the island, returned it to Athenian control and aided
in its rebuilding. In 69 B.C. Delos was sacked by pirates, and in 66 B.C. the
Romans built a fortification wall around the city. The sanctuary and the commercial
center, however, continued to decline (in part because of changes in Roman trade
routes) and suffer pirate attacks, and by the 2nd century A.D. it was all but
abandoned. In the 3rd century A.D. Athens offered the island for sale, but found
no buyers.
Exploration:
Excavations: 1873 - present, French School of Archaeology.
Donald R. Keller, ed.
This text is cited Oct 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains 131 image(s), bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
Η Δήλος ήταν η γενέθλια γη του θεού Απόλλωνα και της θεάς Αρτέμιδος,
που ήταν παιδιά του Δία και της Λητούς. Σύμφωνα με τη μυθολογία η Λητώ αναζητά
σε όλη την Ελλάδα κάποιο μέρος, για να μπορέσει να γεννήσει τον θεό Απόλλωνα,
καθώς η Ήρα είχε απειλήσει τον τόπο, που θα τη δεχόταν με αυστηρές τιμωρίες. Η
Λητώ τελικά έφτασε στο μικρό και άγονο νησί της Δήλου (Ορτυγία). Η θεά υπόσχεται
στο νησί δόξα και πλούτη, τα οποία θα έφερναν στο νησί οι πιστοί του Απόλλωνα.
Το νησί από την πλευρά του απαντά θετικά με την προϋπόθεση όμως ότι η Λητώ θα
έδινε όρκο ότι θα έκτιζε στη Δήλο τον πρώτο της ναό. Έτσι στο νησί της Δήλου οικοδομήθηκε
το εξαίσιο ιερό του Απόλλωνα και της Αρτέμιδος. Αποτέλεσε ένα από τα σημαντικότερα
ιερά της αρχαιότητος, το οποίο μάλιστα ήταν κέντρο λατρείας από την Μυκηναϊκή
περίοδο, προτού ακόμη καθιερωθεί επίσημα η λατρεία του Απόλλωνα και της Αρτέμιδος.
Οι πρώτες ανασκαφές στη Δήλο άρχισαν το 1872 με τον εκχωματισμό του Σπηλαίου του
Κύνθου. Συστηματικές ανασκαφές στον χώρο άρχισε η Γαλλική Αρχαιολογική Σχολή,
τις οποίες και συνεχίζει μέχρι σήμερα.
Ο επισκέπτης που προσέρχεται στον αρχαιολογικό χώρο της Δήλου αντικρίζει
σχεδόν ολόκληρη την αρχαία πόλη της, η οποία εξακολουθεί να είναι υποβλητική.
Μέσα από την χωροταξική διαρρύθμιση των κτηρίων της αναβιώνει στη σκέψη του η
ροή και ο ρυθμός της ζωής που κάποτε υπήρξε ζωηρή και έντονη. Σημαντικά κτήρια
περιστοιχίζουν το ιερό του Απόλλωνος, ενώ πλήθος άλλων διαμοιράζονται την περιοχή
γύρω από την Ιερή Λίμνη, το όρος Κύνθος και τη συνοικία του Θεάτρου. Γύρω από
τον ναό του Απόλλωνα ή προς αυτόν βρίσκονται τα εξής κτήρια: ο Οίκος και η Στοά
των Ναξίων, η Αγορά των Κομπεταλιαστών και των Δηλίων, η Στοά του Αντιγόνου και
του Φιλίππου, η Πομπική Οδός, το Ιερό του Διονύσου, ο Κεράτινος βωμός, ο α' και
ο β' τάφος των Υπερβορείων Παρθένων, το Μνημείο των Ταύρων. Γύρω από την περιοχή
της Ιερής Λίμνης βρίσκονται: οι ελληνιστικές Οικίες του Διαδούμενου, των Ηθοποιών,
των Τριτώνων, του Λόφου, της λίμνης, η Αγορά του Θεόφραστου και των Ιταλών, η
Υπόστυλη αίθουσα, η Παλαίστρα, το Ανδηρο των Λεόντων, το Ίδρυμα των Ποσειδωνιαστών.
Ανάμεσα στην περιοχή του όρος Κύνθος και της συνοικίας του Θεάτρου βρίσκονται:
το Θέατρο, το Σεράπειον, το ιερό της Αφροδίτης, το ιερό των Καβείρων, οι Οικίες
των Δελφινιών, των Προσώπων, της Τρίαινας, της Κλεοπάτρας, του Διονύσου, του Ερμού,
το Ανδηρο των ξένων θεοτήτων, το Ηραίον.
Ο ναός του Απόλλωνος είναι ο τελευταίος και μεγαλύτερος ναός από τους
τρεις προγενέστερους. Αρχισε να κατασκευάζεται από τους Δήλιους το 477 π.Χ., την
ίδια περίπου εποχή, κατά την οποία συστάθηκε η Συμμαχία της Αθήνας
με τη Δήλο. Η κατασκευή του σταμάτησε, όταν μεταφέρθηκε το ταμείο της Συμμαχίας
στην Αθήνα. Τα ερείπια των τριών ναών, οι οποίοι είχαν δυτικό προσανατολισμό προς
τη Δύση, σώζονται μέχρι και σήμερα. Ο παλαιότερος εξ αυτών (6ος αιώνας π.Χ.) ήταν
κτισμένος με πωρόλιθο και διέθετε πρόναο και σηκό. Σε αυτόν στεγαζόταν ένα αρχαϊκό
άγαλμα του Απόλλωνος, έργο των Τευκταίου και Αγγελίονα. Ο ναός που βρίσκεται στο
κέντρο ανεγέρθηκε από του Αθηναίους το 425 - 417 π.Χ. Πίσω από τους τρεις ναούς
υπάρχει μια σειρά από πέντε κτήρια (Θησαυροί), τα οποία μάλλον πρέπει να ήταν
Οίκοι. Κοντά στον ναό του Απόλλωνα βρίσκεται ο ναός της Αρτέμιδος. Κτίστηκε το
179 π.Χ. στη θέση ενός παλαιότερου, ο οποίος είχε οικοδομηθεί τον 7ο αιώνα π.Χ.,
πράγμα το οποίο πιστοποιεί και μια συλλογή αντικειμένων που βρέθηκαν στη βορειοανατολική
πλευρά του. Ο ναός οριοθετείται από έναν υποθετικό περίβολο, ενώ στη βόρεια και
ανατολική του πλευρά κλείνει με μια ιωνική στοά.
Το κείμενο παρατίθεται τον Μάιο 2003 από την ακόλουθη ιστοσελίδα του Υπουργείου Εξωτερικών
Η Δήλος υπήρξε ένα από τα πιο σημαντικά λατρευτικά κέντρα του αρχαίου
κόσμου, με ευρύτερη πολιτική και οικονομική σπουδαιότητα. Για το λόγο αυτό, τα
δημόσια οικοδομήματα ήταν περισσότερο συνδεδεμένα με τις θρησκευτικές παρά με
τις πολιτικές διαδικασίες, και γεωγραφικά γειτνίαζαν με το κέντρο της λατρείας,
δηλαδή το ναό του Απόλλωνα.
Tο ταυτιζόμενο με Βουλευτήριο επίμηκες, αρχαϊκό οικοδόμημα ιδρύθηκε
το α΄ μισό του 6ου αι. π.Χ. Διαιρούνταν κατά πλάτος σε δύο άνισα διαμερίσματα.
Η μεγαλύτερη νότια αίθουσα είχε δύο εισόδους στη δυτική πλευρά και χωριζόταν σε
δύο μέρη με εσωτερική σειρά πεσσών. Στην εξωτερική βορειοανατολική γωνία ενας
ιωνικός κίονας έφερε την αναθηματική επιγραφή "εις Αθηνάν Πολιάδαν". Οπως αποδεικνύει
σειρά επιγραφών από τον 3ο και 2ο αι. π. X., στο Βουλευτήριο φυλάσσονταν αντίγραφα
των ψηφισμάτων των συνελεύσεων.
O τόπος συνεδρίασης της Eκκλησίας του Δήμου, το Εκκλησιαστήριο, ήταν
ένα μεγάλο κτίριο που υπέστη πολλές μετατροπές από τον 5ο έως το 2ο αι. π.Χ. Αποτελείται
από δύο μεγάλες παρακείμενες αίθουσες. Ο νότιος τοίχος της μεγαλύτερης δυτικής
πλευράς σχημάτιζε στο μέσο αψίδα και στο ανώτερο τμήμα υπήρχαν ανοίγματα που χωρίζονταν
από τετράγωνες παραστάδες. Μαρμάρινο θρανίο περιέτρεχε τις πλευρές της αίθουσας.
Tο Πρυτανείο, ένα ορθογώνιο κτίριο το οποίο αποτελούσε την έδρα των
Πρυτάνεων, χρονολογείται στο τέλος της αρχαϊκής ή στις αρχές της κλασσικής περιόδου.
Η είσοδός του βρίσκεται στη νότια πλευρά. Η εσωτερική διάταξη του κτιρίου περιλαμβάνει
το κυρίως Πρυτανείο και το αρχείο που είχαν από έναν προθάλαμο, καθώς επίσης και
την εσωτερική αυλή.
Το κείμενο παρατίθεται τον Φεβρουάριο 2003 από την ακόλουθη ιστοσελίδα του Ιδρυματος Μείζονος Ελληνισμού
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