Listed 19 sub titles with search on: Information about the place for wider area of: "BURDUR Province TURKEY" .
KIVYRA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Cibyra Magna (he Kibura: Eth. Kiburates; Adj. Kiburatikos), the chief
city of a district Cibyratis. Strabo says that the Cibyratae are called descendants
of the Lydians, of those who once occupied the Cabalis, but afterwards of the
neighbouring Pisidians, who settled here, and removed the town to another position
in a strong place, which was about 100 stadia in circuit. It grew powerful under
a good constitution, and the villages extended from Pisidia and the adjoining
Milyas into Lycia, and to the Peraea of the Rhodians. When the three neighbouring
towns of Bubon, Balbura and Oenoanda were joined to it, this confederation was
called Tetrapolis. Each town had one vote, but Cibyra had two votes; for Cibyra
alone could muster 30,000 infantry and 2000 cavalry. It was always under tyrants,
but the government was moderate. This form of government terminated under Moagetes,
for Murena put an end to it, and attached Balbura and Bubon to the Lycians. The
conventus of Cibyra, however, still remained one of the greatest in Asia. The
Cibyratae had four languages, the Pisidian, the Hellenic, the language of the
Solymi and of the Lydians; but there was no trace of the Lydian language in Lydia.
It was a peculiarity of Cibyra that the iron was easily cut with a chisel, or
other sharp tool (see Groskurd's Note, Transl. Strab. vol. ii. p. 633, where he
unnecessarily make a distinction between toreuesthai and torneuesthai). The first
part of this extract from Strabo is not quite clear.
Strabo does not fix the position of Cibyra precisely. After mentioning
Antiochia on the Maeander as being in Caria, he says, to the south the great Cibyra,
Sinde, and the Cabalis, as far as Taurus and Lycia. Ptolemy (v. 3) places Cibyra
in Great Phrygia, and assigns the three cities of Bubon, Balbura, and Oenoanda
to the Cabalis of Lycia, which is consistent with Strabo. The latitude of Ptolemy
as it stands in his text is at least 1° 40 too far north. The site is now ascertained
(Spratt, Lycia, vol. i. p. 256) to be at Horzoom, on the Horzoom Tchy, a branch
of the Dalamon Tchy, or Indus, in about 370 10 N. lat. The place is identified
by inscriptions on the spot. The ruins cover the brow of a hill between 300 and
400 feet above the level of the plain, and about half a mile distant from the
village of Horzoom. The material for the buildings was got from the limestone
in the neighbourhood; and many of them are in good condition. One of the chief
buildings is a theatre, in fine preservation: the diameter is 266 feet. The seats
command a view of the Cibyratic plain, and of the mountains towards the Milyas.
On the platform near the theatre are the ruins of several large buildings supposed
to be temples, some of the Doric and others of the Corinthian order. On a block
there is an inscription, Kaisareon Kiburaton he boule kai ho demos, from which
it appears that in the Roman period the city had also the name Caesarea. The name
Kaisareon appears on some of the coins of Cibyra. A large building about 100 yards
from the theatre is supposed to have been an Odeum or music theatre. There are
no traces of city walls.
The stadium, 650 feet in length and 80 in breadth, is at the lower
extremity of the ridge on which the city stands. The hill side was partly excavated
to make room for it; and on the side formed out of the slope of the hill were
ranged 21 rows of seats, which at the upper extremity of the stadium turned so
as to make a theatre-like termination. (View in Spratt's Lycia.) This part of
the stadium is very perfect, but the seats on the hill side are much displaced
by the shrubs that have grown up between them. The seats overlook the plain of
Cibyra. The seats on the side opposite to the hill were marble blocks placed on
a low wall built along the edge of the terrace, formed by cutting the side of
the hill. Near the entrance to the stadium a ridge runs eastward, crowned by a
paved way, bordered on each side by sarcophagi and sepulchral monuments. At the
entrance to this avenue of tombs was a massive triumphal arch of Doric architecture,
now in ruins.
The elevation of the Cibyratic plain is estimated to be 3500 feet
above the level of the sea. It produces corn. The sites of Balbura, Bubon, and
Oenoanda, which is on the Xanthus, being now ascertained, we can form a tolerably
correct idea of the extent of the Cibyratis. It comprised the highest part of
the basin of the Xanthus, and all the upper and probably the middle part of the
basin of the Indus, for Strabo describes the Cibyratis as reaching to the Rhodian
Peraea. The great range of Cadmus (Baba Dagh), said to be 8000 feet high, bounded
it on the west, and separated it from Caria. The upper part of the basin of the
Indus consists of numerous small valleys, each of which has its little stream.
Pliny's brief description (v. 28) has been derived from good materials: the river
Indus, which rises in the hills of the Cibyratae, receives sixty perennial rivers,
and more than a hundred torrents.
Cibyra is first mentioned by Livy (xxxviii. 14) in his history of
the operations of the consul Cn. Manlius, who approached it from the upper part
of the Maeander and through Caria. He probably advanced upon it by the valley
of Karaook, through which the present road leads from the Cibyratis to Laodicea
(near Denizlee). Manlius demanded and got from Moagetes, the tyrant of Cibyra,
100 talents and 10,000 medimni of wheat. Livy says that Moagetes had under him
Syleum and Alimne, besides Cibyra. It is conjectured (Spratt, Lycia, vol. i. p.
254) that this Alimne may be identified with the remains of a large town on an
island in the lake of Gule Hissar, which> island is connected with the mainland
by an ancient causeway. This lake lies in the angle between the Caulares and the
river of Cibyra. The last tyrant of Cibyra, also named Moagetes, was the son of
Pancrates (Polyb. xxx. 9). He was put down by L. Licinius Murena, probably in
B.C. 84, when his territory was divided, and Cibyra was attached to Phrygia. Pliny
states that twenty-five cities belonged to the Jurisdictio or Conventus of Cibyra;
and he adds that the town of Cibyra belonged to Phrygia. This, like many other
of the Roman political arrangements, was quite at variance with the physical divisions
of the country. Laodicea on the Lycus was one of the chief cities of this Conventus.
Under the Romans, Cibyra was a place of great trade, as it appears (Hor. Ep. i.
6. 33). Its position, however, does not seem very favourable for commerce, for
it is neither on the sea nor on a great road. We may conclude, however, that the
Roman negotiatores and mercatores found something to do here, and probably the
grain of the valley of the Indus and the wool and iron of Cibyra might furnish
articles of commerce. Iron ore is plentiful in the Cibyratis. We know nothing
of any artists of Cibyra, except two, whom Cicero mentions (Verr. ii. 4. c. 13),
who were more famed for their knavery than for artistic skill. Cibyra was much
damaged by an earthquake, in the time of Tiberius, who recommended a Senatus Consultum
to be enacted for relieving it from payment of taxes (tributum) for three years.
In this passage of Tacitus (Ann. iv. 13), it is called civitas Cibyratica apud
Asiam.
Three Greek inscriptions from Cibyra are printed [p. 616] in the Appendix
to Spratt's Lycia. All of them contain the name of the city, and all belong to
the Roman period. One of them seems intended to record a statue, or some memorial
set up in honour of L. Aelius, the adopted son of Hadrian, and it mentions his
being in his second consulship. Aelius died in the lifetime of Hadrian, A.D. 138.
L. Aelius Verus was consul for the second time in A.D. 137 (Tillemont, Hist. des
Empereurs, vol. ii. p. 255), and we may assume that he was alive when this inscription
was made. Hadrian certainly was alive then, as we may infer from the terms of
the inscription. But Hadrian also died in A.D. 138. The inscription, therefore,
belongs to A.D. 137.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
KRIMNA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Cremna (he Kremna or Kremna), a place in Pisidia, and, as its name
imports, a strong post on an eminence. It was taken by the Galatian king Amyntas,
a contemporary of Strabo. It became a Roman colony, as Strabo says; and there
are imperial coins with the epigraph COL. IVL. AVG. CREMNA. The passage of Strabo
about Cremna has caused great difficulty. He says that Amyntas did not take Sandalium,
which is situated between Cremna and Sagalassus. Strabo adds, Sagalassus is distant
from Apameia a day's journey, having a descent of about 30 stadia from the fort
(tou erumatos), and they call it also Selgessus. Cramer (Asia Minor, vol. ii.
p. 299) supposes Strabo to mean that at the distance of 30 stadia from Sagalassus,
in a northerly direction, was the important fortress of Cremna; on which it may
be useful to some readers to observe, that where a Greek text presents a difficulty,
Cramer is often wrong in explaining it. But there is no difficulty here. The French
translation of Strabo makes a like mistake; and Groskurd the same, for he translates
it hat fast dreissig stadien hinabsteigung von jener veste, by which
it appears that he means Cremna. Arundell (Asia Minor, vol. ii. p. 81) properly
remarks that, if there were only 30 stadia between Cremna and Sagalassus, it is
hardly conceivable that Sandalium should be between them. It is not conceivable
at all; and Strabo's text, whatever fault there may be in it, clearly places Cremna
at some distance from Sagalassus, and the fort is not Cremna. But there is nothing
in the passage of Strabo from which we can determine the distance between Sagalassus
and Cremna, nor their relative position. Ptolemy (v. 5) mentions the Cremna Colonia,
and according to him it is in the same longitude as Sagalassus. Arundell found
a place called Germe fifteen miles SSE. of the village of Allahsun, which is near
the ruins of Sagalassus. There is a view of Germe in Arundell‘s work. It is a
striking position, a terrific precipice on three sides. The ruins are described
by Arundell. There are the remains of a theatre, of temples, of a colonnade, and
of what is supposed to be a triumphal arch. Most of the buildings seemed to be
of the Roman period.
There is a story in Zosimus (i. 69) of an Isaurian robber, named Lydius,
who seized Cremna, a city of Lycia, as he calls it. There is no doubt that he
means the same place which Strabo does.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
SAGALASSOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Sagalassus (Sagalassos: Eth. Sagalasseus or Sagalassmnos), an important
town and fortress near the north-western frontier of Pisidia, or, as Strabo (xii.
p. 569) less correctly states, of Isauria, while Ptolemy (v. 3. § 6) erroneously
mentions it among the towns of Lycia. (Comp. Steph. B. s. v.) Alexander the Great
took the town by assault, having previously defeated its brave Pisidian inhabitants,
who met the aggressor drawn up on a hill outside their town. (Arrian, Anab. i.
28.) Livy (xxxviii. 15), in his account of the expedition of On. Manlius, describes
Sagalassus as situated in a fertile plain, abounding in every species of produce;
he likewise characterises its inhabitants as the bravest of the Pisidians, and
the town itself as most strongly fortified. Manlius did not take it, but by ravaging
its territory compelled the Sagalassians to come to terms, to pay a contribution
of 50 talents, 20,000 medimni of wheat, and the same quantity of barley. Strabo
states that it was one of the chief towns of Pisidia, and that after passing under
the dominion of Amyntas, tetrarch of Lycaonia and Galatia, it became part of the
Roman province. He adds that it was only one day's march from Apamea, whereas
we learn from Arrian that Alexander was five days on the road between the two
towns; but the detention of the latter was not occasioned by the length of the
road but by other circumstances, so that Strabo's account is not opposed to that
of Arrian. (Comp. Polyb. xxii. 19; Plin. v. 24.) The town is mentioned also by
Hierocles (p. 693), in the Ecclesiastical Notices, and the Acts of Councils, from
which it appears to have been an episcopal see.
The traveller Lucas (Trois Voyages, i. p. 181, and Second Voyage,
i. c. 34) was the first that reported the existence of extensive ruins at a place
called Aglasoun, and the resemblance of the name led him to identify these ruins
with the site of the ancient Sagalassus. This conjecture has since been fully
confirmed by Arundell (A Visit to the Seven Churches, p. 132, foil.), who describes
these ruins as situated on the long terrace of a lofty mountain, rising above
the village of Aglasoun, and consisting chiefly of massy walls, heaps of sculptured
stones, and innumerable sepulchral vaults in the almost perpendicular side of
the mountain. A little lower down the terrace are considerable remains of a large
building, and a large paved oblong area, full of fluted columns, pedestals, &c.,
about 240 feet long; a portico nearly 300 feet long and 27 wide; and beyond this
some magnificent remains either of a temple or a gymnasium. Above these rises
a steep hill with a few remains on the top, which was probably the acropolis.
There is also a large theatre in a fine state of preservation. Inscriptions with
the words Sagalasseon polis leave no doubt as to these noble ruins belonging to
the ancient town of Sagalassus. (Comp. Hamilton, Researches, vol. i. p. 486, foll.;
Fellows, Asia Minor, p. 164, foll.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
KIVYRA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Kibura Magna; a great city of Phrygia Magna, on the borders
of Caria, said to have been founded by the Lydians, but afterwards peopled by
the Pisidians. Under its native princes, the city ruled over a large district
called Cibyratis. In B.C. 83, it was added to the Roman Empire. It was celebrated
for its manufactures, especially of iron.
This text is cited Oct 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
SAGALASSOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
(Sagalassos or Selgessos). Now Allahsun; a large fortified city of Pisidia, [p. 1398] near the Phrygian border, a day's journey southeast of Apamea Cibotus. It lay, as its large ruins still show, in the form of an amphitheatre on the side of a hill, and had a citadel on a rock thirty feet high.
SAGALASSOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Total results on 9/7/2001: 7 for Sagalassus, 8 for Sagalassos.
SAGALASSOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
IA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Town in Pisidia, 5 km S of Bucak. The site and name, previously unknown,
have been identified by an inscription; the termination of the name is uncertain.
The ruins are on a hill above a pass. The circuit wall, of coursed polygonal masonry,
is preserved in part up to 4 m high. On the S slope is a building with three sides
of masonry, the fourth consisting of a rockface 4 m high in which are a number
of niches of varying size. Outlines of other buildings are discernible, and the
hillside is covered with many squared blocks, architectural fragments, and sherds
of Roman date.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
KIVYRA (Ancient city) TURKEY
About 59 km S of Denizli. According to Strabo 631, the Kibyrates were
said to be descended from certain Lydians who occupied the Kabalis and were driven
by the neighboring Pisidians to the site which became their permanent home. Strabo
adds that Kibyra prospered by reason of its good government, which he calls a
moderate tyranny, and controlled a wide territory extending from Pisidia and Milyas
as far as Lycia and the Rhodian Peraea.
At some time during the 2d c. B.C. a tetrapolis was formed under the
leadership of Kibyra, comprising the neighboring cities of Bubon, Balbura and
Oinoanda. This tetrapolis was finally broken up after the first Mithridatic War.
A principal industry at Kibyra was metallurgy; Strabo remarks it as a peculiarity
of the region that iron was easily worked there. We hear also of a guild of cordwainers.
In A.D. 23 the city was visited by a severe earthquake. Tiberius came
to the rescue with a remission of taxation for three years, and assistance in
the rebuilding was given by Claudius; in gratitude Kibyra added the name of Caesarea
to her own, instituted Caesarean games, and began a new dating era from the year
25. In A.D. 129 Hadrian, on his journey through the eastern provinces, visited
Kibyra and conferred "great honors" on the people (IGRR I 418). Coinage
began after 167 B.C. and continued down to Gallienus. The population was divided
into tribes, apparently five in number, named after individual citizens who are
thought to have been their presidents for the time being.
The site was first identified in 1842. It stands about 1050 m above
sea level, half an hour's walk from the village. The site is extensive but unimpressive,
occupying a low ridge E-W, which seems never to have been enclosed by a wall in
antiquity though there are remnants of a mediaeval wall around the city center.
In the upper (W) part of the city is the theater, facing a little
S of E, in very fair preservation. It is somewhat above average size, with something
over 40 rows of seats and a single diazoma. The seats are largely preserved, though
overgrown and buried in the lower part. The stage building has collapsed; of the
doors leading onto the stage two are preserved, and the uprights of a third. An
arched entrance survives at orchestra level, and a smaller rectangular entrance
near the top of the cavea. The top ten rows of seats seem to have been added later
than the others. The theater is of Graeco-Roman type, with the cavea rather more
than a semicircle.
Some 90 m to the S of the theater is the odeum, also in good preservation.
It forms a segment of a circle with diameter of 17 m. The front wall stands complete
up to its cornice, and is surmounted by a row of large windows partially preserved.
It is pierced at ground level by five arched doors, the middle one larger than
the rest, and a rectangular door at either end. The curved wall of the auditorium
projects slightly at each end beyond the front wall; in the projection is a small
window high up, and just inside the building is another window. The presence of
these windows suggests that the odeum was roofed over. Spratt counted 13 rows
of seats visible at that time; there are certainly more buried. Nothing is now
to be seen of any stage or platform for performers. In front of the odeum is a
long terrace wall some 24 m high, of irregular ashlar masonry.
Below the theater to the E is the city center, but the numerous public
buildings are now utterly destroyed and none has been identified. Lower down,
at the E end of the city, the stadium survives in fair condition, running approximately
N-S. The S end is rounded; at the N end was a triple-arched entrance. The seats
on the W side rest on the slope of the hill, but are much overgrown; the arcade
at the top remains in part. On the E side a low embankment, faced with a rough
wall, carried a few rows of seats. The stadium is of full length, with an arena
197 m long.
On the E a fine paved street of tombs led up to the city, entering
by a triumphal arch in the Doric order. The tombs are mostly sarcophagi, one or
two of which are decorated with gladiatorial combats in relief. At the W end of
the city a ruined Christian church reminds us that the bishopric of Kibyra ranked
first among those of the eparchy of Caria under the metropolitan of Staurupolis
(Aphrodisias).
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
KRIMNA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Near the village of Camlik in the district of Bucak in the province
of Burdur. The village is situated on the Tauros 60 km SE of Burdur and 15 km
from Bucak. According to Strabo (12.569), Kremna and the other cities of Pisidia
were first captured by Amyntas, the commander of the Galatian auxiliary army of
Brutus and Cassius, who became king of Galatia and Pisidia on going over to the
side of Antonius. Octavian allowed him to remain king until his death in 25 B.C.,
after which Kremna (Mon.Anc. 28; Strab. 12.569) was made into a Roman colony (Colonia
Iulia Augusta [Felix] Cremnena,CIL III, 6873). Coins of the Imperial period were
first minted at Kremna during the reign of Hadrian. The donatio given by the emperor
Aurelian (270-75) was followed by a period of brilliant prosperity in Kremna,
but not long after, in A.D. 276, during the reign of the emperor Probus, the acropolis
was occupied by the Isaurian bandit leader Lydios, who used it as a fortress against
the Romans, and was thus able to hold out for a considerable time (Zosimos 1.67).
Kremna was included in the Byzantine province of Pamphylia, and it is clear that
settlement continued there uninterrupted, though on a smaller scale. In 787 Kremna
sent a representative to the Second Council of Nicaea. Meanwhile the inhabitants
had probably left the steep slopes and settled in what is now the village of Camlik,
which had been a village or suburb of the ancient city, bringing the name of their
city with them. Thus Girme, the old name of the Turkish village, is derived from
Kremna. According to the last information regarding the city (Not. Dig. 10) Kremna
was the administrative center of the province.
In 1874 the site was definitely identified as Kremna by the discovery
of a dedicatory inscription containing the name. Excavations were begun in 1970.
Kremna is situated on a hill dominating the valley of the Kastros
(Aksu) and extending from E to W across a plateau 1000 m above sea level. The
hill is 250 m above the level of the plateau, with sheer slopes on the N, E, and
S, so that the city can be approached only from the W. Although on this side it
is connected with the plateau by gentle slopes the hill is isolated by a deep
ravine formed by flood waters. Thus the topographical situation of the acropolis
makes it almost impregnable. The acropolis itself is not level for there are a
number of small hills on the N, E, and SE. Most of the public buildings are concentrated
within two small valleys, the forum and the basilica situated at the junction
of the two valleys. To the N of the forum are cisterns, and to the S the library
(?). The theater is situated on the slopes of the E hill, with the stoa and the
gymnasium to the E of this. To the NE of the gymnasium lies the macellum, to the
W of the forum a colonnaded street, and to the W of the basilica a monumental
propylon. There are temples on the high hills on the acropolis, while houses are
scattered around the center of the city and other suitable parts of the site.
Churches of the Christian period are to be found both inside and outside the city.
Tombs are outside the city, especially on the W and S slopes of the acropolis.
The finest and best-preserved rock tomb is to be found on the S. The W city gate
is in ruins, and only sections of the W defense walls and towers are still standing.
The second gate of the city is a gate with courtyard in a better state of preservation.
Walking from here towards the E, one reaches first arcades and later a second
theater. Kremna was built on a grid plan. The uneven surface of the acropolis
is unsuitable for the application of such a plan, but instead of leveling the
ground the main buildings were placed in the valleys, while the perpendicularly
intersecting streets were led straight over the hills.
Very few of the buildings of the ancient city are still standing,
most of them now consisting of mere heaps of stone and architectural fragments.
The coins and sculpture found in Kremna are preserved in the Burdur Museum.
J. Inan, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
KRITOPOLIS (Ancient city) TURKEY
About 5 km W of Bucak. References by Diodoros (18.44, 47) and Polybios
(5.72) show that Kretopolis must have been in this neighborhood, but it is doubtful
that the remains at Incirlihan are sufficient to represent a city. Travelers have
noted only a large building, various scattered fragments, and a votive dedication
to Demeter; few or no sherds. It has been suggested that Kretopolis was identical
with the city of the Keraitai.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
MILYAS (Ancient city) TURKEY
City in Pisidia, 20 km SE of Bucak. Milyas is recorded only by Ptolemy,
who places it in Pamphylia, subsection Kabalia; some scholars have doubted whether
it really existed. The location at Melli depends solely on the similarity of name.
The ruins lie on a hill ca. 1.6 km SE of the village. The circuit
wall of coursed polygonal masonry is fairly well preserved and probably of early
Hellenistic date. On the NE is a theater; the rows of seats, partly cut in the
rock wall, are few for the size of the caven. The stage building has collapsed;
behind it is a long narrow building still 6 m high, with regular courses of bossed
ashlar and seven doors in its outer face. The N slope is covered with a mass of
stones from ruined buildings, including a number with inscriptions. On the adjoining
hill to the NW is a handsome rock-cut monument reminiscent of early monuments
in Phrygia; it is probably a cult facade rather than a tomb. It carries no inscription.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
SAGALASSOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
City in Pisidia N of Antalya, whose name and variants thereof have
been transmitted through many sources (Strab. 12.569-70, 13.631; Ptol. 12.19;
Arr. 1.28.2; Diod. 18.44ff; Plin. HN 5.94). Little is known about its early history
and development, but it is thought that in the Hellenistic period it was forcibly
occupied by Alexander.
The city was SE of Apamea in Phrygia and near the source of the Cayster
river in the mountainous area of Milyas; it dominated a considerable area of Pisidia.
Its territory was devastated by Gn. Manlius Vulso. In the Imperial period, it
was called magnificent, first city of Pisidia, friend and ally of Rome, and belonged
to the province of Galatia.
The ruins were described in detail by 19th c. travelers. The subdivision
of the urban center follows the highly developed city plan of the Hellenistic
type spread under Alexander and repeated in the mountain cities of Asia Minor,
of which Sagalossos and Termessos are the more notable examples. The grid is oriented
E-W along a rocky ridge (Davras Dagi), and the site is terraced upward, culminating
in the level area of the Temple of Antoninus Pius. A cross-street joins the upper
terraces to a nympheum. To the W is the Temple of Apollo Klarios and to the E
the gymnasium, opposite which are the theater and the basilica.
The Temple of Antoninus Pius is Corinthian (13.87 x 26.83 m) while
that of Apollo Klarios is Ionic, peripteral and hexastyle; a Christian basilica
was built on its foundations. The theater, of the last quarter of the 2d c. A.D.,
has a cavea of the Hellenistic type, horseshoe-shaped and partially resting upon
rock; the NW section was constructed in the Roman period. A diazoma with a vaulted
circular corridor divided the cavea in the middle, and the scaenae frons was unusually
complex and architecturally interesting. An odeon of the Imperial period is one
of the most complete ever discovered. There was also a palaestra (53 x 44 m, with
a paved central court and porticos along its sides), and an upper agora, set on
a terrace above that of the Temple of Antoninus Pius, which dates from the Claudian
period.
N. Bonacasa, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
Receive our daily Newsletter with all the latest updates on the Greek Travel industry.
Subscribe now!
