Listed 11 sub titles with search on: Biographies for destination: "LAMPSAKOS Ancient city TURKEY".
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Greek peripatetic philosopher who succeded Theophrastus to the management of Peripatus in Athens. He is also called 'physicist' because he dealt with fhysical philosophy.
Anaximenes of Lampsacus (fl. 585-524 BC). Astronomer, Physicist
Life
Philosopher and astronomer, Anaximenes is traditionally regarded as the third of the great Milesian philosophers, after Thales and Anaximander. Very little is known about him, beyond the fact that his father was called Eurystratus and that he was a friend and student of Anaximander.
Work
His treatise is said to have been written in a simple and austere Ionian dialect, but even its title has been lost. Aetius tells us that Anaximenes argued that the human soul, which is "air", animates man in the same way that air surrounds and sustains the world. Anaximenes, in other words, held that "air" was the principle of all living things, and that it was constantly and eternally in motion. Air condensed to become cloud, water, earth, or rarefied to become fire, of which the sun was made. While in this theory Anaximenes was close to the thinking of Anaximander, he differed from him with regard to the shape of the earth, for Anaximander, like Thales, conceived of the earth - and all the other celestial bodies - as a gigantic disc. The earth, he thought, was like a cork, floating on the surface of the air. (These theories proved extremely useful in the development of aerodynamics). Anaximenes was the first to realise that the moon took its light from the sun, and thus was able to explain the eclipses of the sun and the moon. He also gave accurate explanations of the formation of clouds, rain, hail and snow.
This text is based on the Greek book "Ancient Greek Scientists", Athens, 1995 and is cited Sep 2005 from The Technology Museum of Thessaloniki URL below.
Anaximenes of Lampsacus, son of Aristocles, and pupil of Zoilus and Diogenes the
Cynic. He was a contemporary of Alexander the Great, whom he is said to have instructed,
and whom he accompanied on his Asiatic expedition (Suidas, s. v.;comp. Diog. Laert.
v. 10; Diod. xv. 76). A pretty anecdote is related by Pausanias (vi. 18.2) and
Suidas, about the manner in which he saved his native town from the wrath of Alexander
for having espoused the cause of the Persians. His grateful fellow-citizens rewarded
him with a statue at Olympia. Anaximenes wrote three historical works:
1. A history of Philip of Macedonia, which consisted at least of eight books (Harpocrat.
s. v. Kabule, Halonnesos; Eustratius. ad Aristot. Eth. iii. 8).
2. A history of Alexander the Great (Diog. Laert. ii. 3; Harpocrat. s. v. Alkimachos,
who quotes the 2nd book of it).
3. A history of Greece, which Pausanias (vi. 18.2) calls ta en Hellesin archaia,
which, however, is more commonly called protai historiai or prote historia. (Athen.
vi.; Diod. xv. 89).It comprised in twelve books the history of Greece from the
earliest mythical ages down to the battle of Mantineia and the death of Epaminondas.
He was a very skilful rhetorician, and wrote a work calumniating the
three great cities of Greece, Sparta, Athens, and Thebes, which he published under
the name of Theopompus, his personal enemy, and in which he imitated the style
of the latter so perfectly, that every one thought it to be really his work. This
production Anaximenes sent to those cities, and thus created exasperation against
his enemy in all Greece (Paus. vi. 8.3, Suid.). The histories of Anaximenes, of
which only very few fragments are now extant, are censured by Plutarch (Praec.
Pol. 6) for the numerous prolix and rhetorical speeches he introduced in them
(Comp. Dionys. Hal. De Isaco, 19; De adm. ri dic. Demosth. 8). The fact that we
possess so little of his histories, slews that the ancients did not think highly
of them, and that they were more of a rhetorical than an historical character.
He enjoyed some reputation as a teacher of rhetoric and as an orator, both in
the assembly of the people and in the courts of justice (Dionys. Hal.; Paus.),
and also wrote speeches for others, such as the one which Euthias delivered against
Phryne (Athen. xiii.; comp. Harpocr. s. v. Euthias).
There have been critics, such as Casaubon (ad Diog. Laert. ii. 3),
who thought that the rhetorician and the historian Anaximenes were two distinct
persons; but their identity has been proved by very satisfactory arguments. What
renders him a person of the highest importance in the history of Greek literature,
is the following fact, which has been firmly established by the critical investigations
of our own age. He is the only rhetorician previous to the time of Aristotle whose
scientific treatise on rhetoric is now extant. This is the so-called Rhetorike
pros Alexandron, which is usually printed among the works of Aristotle, to whom,
however, it cannot belong, as all crities agree. The opinion that it is a work
of Anaximenes was first expressed by P. Victorius in his preface to Aristotle's
Rhetoric, and has been firmly established as a fact by Spengel in his Sunagoge
technon, "Sive Artium Scriptores ab initiis usque ad editos Aristotelis de rhetorica
libros", Stuttgard, 1828.This Rhetoric is preceded by a letter which is manifestly
of later origin, and was probably intended as an introduction to the study of
the Rhetoric of Aristotle. The work itself is much interpolated, but it is at
any rate clear that Anaximenes extended his subject beyond the limits adopted
by his predecessors, with whose works he was well acquainted. He divides eloquence
into forensic and deliberative, but also suggests that a third kind, the epideictic,
should be separated from them. As regards the plan and construction of the work,
it is evident that its author was not a philosopher : the whole is a series of
practical suggestions how this or that subject should be treated under various
circumstances, as far as argumentation, expression, and the arrangement of the
parts of a speech are concerned.
This text is from: A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, 1873 (ed. William Smith). Cited Oct 2005 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Colotes (Kolotes), of Lampsacus, a hearer of Epicurus, and one of the most famous of his disciples, wrote a work to prove, "That it was impossible even to live according to the doctrines of the other philosophers" (hoti kata ta ton allon philosophon dogmata oude zen estin). It was dedicated to king Ptolemy, probably Philopator. In refutation of it Plutarch wrote two works, a dialogue, to prove, "That it is impossible even to live pleasantly according to Epicurus", and a work entitled "Against Colotes" (Plut. Opera.). The two works stand in the editions in this order, which should be reversed. It may be collected from Plutarch, that Colotes was clever, but vain, dogmatical, and intolerant. He made violent attacks upon Socrates, and other great philosophers. He was a great favourite with Epicurus, who used, by way of endearment, to call him Kolotaras and Kolotarios. It is also related by Plutarch, that Colotes, after hearing Epicurus discourse on the nature of things, fell on his knees before him, and besought him to give him instruction. He held, that it is unworthy of the truthfulness of a philosopher to use fables in his teaching, a notion which Cicero opposes (De Repub. vi. 7). Some fragments of another work of Colotes, against the Lysis of Plato, have been recently discovered at Herculaneum.
This text is from: A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, 1873 (ed. William Smith). Cited Nov 2005 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Hippocrates. One of the executors of the will of the philosopher Straton of Lampsacus. (Diog. Laert. v. 62.) He was probably a philosopher, but is otherwise altogether unknown.
Aeantides. The tyrant of Lampsacus, to whom Hippias gave his daughter Archedice in marriage. (Thuc. vi. 59)
Archedice (Archedike), daughter of Hippias the Peisistratid, and given in marriage by him after the death of Hipparchus to Acantides, son of Hippoclus, the tyrant of Lampsacus. She is famous for the epitaph given in Thucydides, and ascribed by Aristotle to Simonides, which told that, with father, husband, and sons in sovereign power, still she retained her meekness. (Thuc. vi. 59; Arist. Rhet. i. 9.)
Hippoclus, (Hippoklos), tyrant of Lampsacus, to whose son, Aeantides, Hippias gave his daughter Archedice in marriage, induced thereto, says Thucydides, by consideration of his influence at the Persian court. (Thuc. vi. 59.) He is clearly the same who is named as tyrant of Lampsacus in the list of those, who were left at the passage of the Danube during the Scythian expedition of Dareius. (Herod. iv. 138.)
Charon, a historian of Lampsacus, is mentioned by Tertullian (de Anim. 46) as prior to Herodotus, and is said by Suidas according to the common reading, to have flourished (genomenos) in the time of Dareius Hystaspis, in the 79th Olympiad (B. C. 464); but, as Dareius died in B. C. 485, it has been proposed to read xth for oth in Suidas, thus placing the date of Charon in 01. 69 or B. C. 504. He lived, however, as late as B. C. 464, for he is referred to by Plutarch (Them. 27) as mentioning the flight of Themistocles to Asia in B. C. 465. We find the following list of his works in Suidas: 1. Aithiothika. 2. Persika. 3. Hellenika. 4. Peri Lampsakou. 5. Libuka. 6. Horoi Lampsakenon, a work quoted by Athenaeus (xi.), where Schweighaeuser proposes to substitute horoi (comp. Diod. i. 26), thus making its subject to be the annals of Lampsacus. 7. Prutaneis e Archontes hoi ton Lakedaimonion, a chronological work. 8. Ktiseis poleon. 9. Kretika. 10. Periplous ho ektos ton Herakleion stelon. The fragments of Charon, together with those of Hecataeus and Xanthus, have been published by Creuzer, Heidelberg, 1806, and by Car. and Th. Muller, Fragm. Histor. Graec. Paris, 1841. Besides the references above given, comp. Plut. de Mul. Virt. s. v. Lampsake; Strab. xiii. p. 583 ; Paus. x. 38; Athen. xii.; Ael. V. H. i 15; Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. ii. 2, 479.
This text is from: A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, 1873 (ed. William Smith). Cited Nov 2005 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
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