Listed 39 sub titles with search on: History for wider area of: "ARCADIA Prefecture PELOPONNISOS" .
ARKADIA (Ancient area) PELOPONNISOS
The Arcadian League, established some time after the battle
of Leuctra (B.C. 371), when the victory of Epaminondas had destroyed the supremacy
of Sparta in the Peloponnesus and restored the independence of the Arcadian towns.
The Arcadian League succeeded in giving unity to the Arcadians for only a short
time, however, and its influence soon declined.
This text is from: Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. Cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
DIPEA (Ancient city) FALANTHOS
The Lacedaemonians, hearing of the oracle the Pythian priestess had given to Tisamenus, persuaded him to migrate from Elis and to be state-diviner at Sparta. And Tisamenus won them five contests in war. The first was at Plataea against the Persians; the second was at Tegea, when the Lacedaemonians had engaged the Tegeans and Argives; the third was at Dipaea, an Arcadian town in Maenalia, when all the Arcadians except the Mantineans were arrayed against them.
KROMI (Ancient city) FALESSIA
The Arcadians made another expedition into Elis. While they were encamped between
Cyllene and the capital, the Eleans made an attack upon them, but the Arcadians
defeated them. By this time the Lacedaemonians were allies of the Eleans. And
now the Eleans sent ambassadors and asked the Lacedaemonians to take the field
against the Arcadians, believing that the Arcadians would be most likely to give
up the struggle. Archidamus took the field with the citizen troops and seized
Cromnus. But the Arcadians, gathered together as they were came to the rescue
and surrounded Cromnus with a double stockade, and besieged the people in Cromnus.
MANTINIA (Ancient city) ARCADIA
Stalemate after the Battle of Mantinea
The alliances of the various city-states shifted often in the repeated
conflicts that took place in Greece during these early decades of the fourth century
B.C. The threat from Thessaly faded with Jason's murder in 370 B.C., and the former
enemies Sparta and Athens momentarily allied against the Thebans in the battle
of Mantinea in the Peloponnese in 362 B.C. Thebes won the battle but lost the
war when its great leader Epaminondas fell at Mantinea and no credible replacement
for him could be found. The Theban quest for dominance in Greece was over. Xenophon
adroitly summed up the situation after 362 B.C. with these closing remarks from
the history that he wrote of the Greeks in his time (Hellenica ): "Everyone
had supposed that the winners of this battle would be Greece's rulers and its
losers their subjects; but there was only more confusion and disturbance in Greece
after it than before". The truth of his analysis was confirmed when the naval
alliance led by Athens dissolved in the mid-350s B.C. in a war among the leader
and the allies. All the efforts of the various major Greek states to extend their
hegemony over mainland Greece in this period therefore ended in failure. By the
mid 350s B.C., no Greek city-state had the power to rule more than itself on a
consistent basis. The struggle for supremacy in Greece that had begun eighty years
earlier with the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War had finally ended in a stalemate
of exhaustion that opened the way for a new power-- the kingdom of Macedonia.
This text is from: Thomas Martin's An Overview of Classical Greek History from Homer to Alexander, Yale University Press. Cited Sep 2002 from Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
MEGALOPOLIS (Ancient city) ARCADIA
Pausanias mentions three battles between Lacedaemonians and Megalopolitans. The last one was the most important, because Cleomenes of Sparta seized Megalopolis and caused severe damages. The Megalopolitans had managed to win only the first of those three battles (Paus. 8,27,11-15).
SKOPI (Village) TRIPOLI
The Mantineans did not fight on the side of the other Arcadians against the Lacedaemonians at Dipaea, but in the Peloponnesian war they rose with the Eleans against the Lacedaemonians, and joined in battle with them after the arrival of reinforcements from Athens...Such was the battle, as nearly as possible as I have described it; the greatest that had occurred for a very long while among the Hellenes, and joined by the most considerable states.
Pausanias claims that a cavalry battle took place at the Pelagus, but it is more possible that it actually took place at Skopi (Ekd. Athinon, Pausaniou Periegissis, vol. 4, p.215, note 1). The battle is narrated in detail by Xenophon (Xenophon, Hell. 7,5,15-27 )
THYREA (Ancient city) ASTROS
Now at this very time the Spartans themselves were feuding with the Argives over
the country called Thyrea; for this was a part of the Argive territory which the
Lacedaemonians had cut off and occupied. (All the land towards the west, as far
as Malea, belonged then to the Argives, and not only the mainland, but the island
of Cythera and the other islands.) The Argives came out to save their territory
from being cut off, then after debate the two armies agreed that three hundred
of each side should fight, and whichever party won would possess the land. The
rest of each army was to go away to its own country and not be present at the
battle, since, if the armies remained on the field, the men of either party might
render assistance to their comrades if they saw them losing. Having agreed, the
armies drew off, and picked men of each side remained and fought. Neither could
gain advantage in the battle; at last, only three out of the six hundred were
left, Alcenor and Chromios of the Argives, Othryades of the Lacedaemonians: these
three were left alive at nightfall. Then the two Argives, believing themselves
victors, ran to Argos; but Othryades the Lacedaemonian, after stripping the Argive
dead and taking the arms to his camp, waited at his position. On the second day
both armies came to learn the issue. For a while both claimed the victory, the
Argives arguing that more of their men had survived, the Lacedaemonians showing
that the Argives had fled, while their man had stood his ground and stripped the
enemy dead. At last from arguing they fell to fighting; many of both sides fell,
but the Lacedaemonians gained the victory. The Argives, who before had worn their
hair long by fixed custom, shaved their heads ever after and made a law, with
a curse added to it, that no Argive grow his hair, and no Argive woman wear gold,
until they recovered Thyreae; and the Lacedaemonians made a contrary law, that
they wear their hair long ever after; for until now they had not worn it so. Othryades,
the lone survivor of the three hundred, was ashamed, it is said, to return to
Sparta after all the men of his company had been killed, and killed himself on
the spot at Thyreae.
This extract is from: Herodotus. The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley, 1920), Cambridge. Harvard University Press. Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.
Thyrea was disputed by both the Argives and the Lacedaemonians, with battles and arbitrations (Paus. 2.38.5, 3.7.5, 10.9.12). The Lacedaemonians once gave it to the Aeginetans who had been sent away by the Athenians (Paus. 2.29.5, 2.38.5).
MEGALOPOLIS (Ancient city) ARCADIA
Son of Cleommis, or of Polymnis, his life, his gentle temper, at battle of Leuctra, founds Megalopolis, and Messene, puts down Lacedaemonian decemvirates, deceived by oracle, slain at battle of Mantinea, his tomb, his glory, picture of E., statues.
PALLANTION (Ancient city) TRIPOLI
Roman emperor, grants freedom to Pallantium, conquers Moors and Brigantians, his liberality, called Pius by the Romans, his gifts and building recorded by other writers.
PRASSIES (Ancient city) LEONIDION
Putting out from Epidaurus, they (the Athenians) laid waste the territory of Troezen, Halieis, and Hermione, all towns on the coast of Peloponnese, and thence sailing to Prasiai, a maritime town in Laconia, ravaged part of its territory, and took and sacked the place itself; after which they returned home, but found the Peloponnesians gone and no longer in Attica.
TRAPEZOUS (Ancient city) GORTYS
MEGALOPOLIS (Ancient city) ARCADIA
Megalopolis was united into one city in the same year, but a few months later, as occurred the defeat of the Lacedaemonians at Leuctra, when Phrasicleides was archon at Athens, in the second year of the hundred and second Olympiad, when Damon of Thurii was victor in the foot-race (Paus. 8,27,8). Pausanias refers to the year 371 BC, but it has been widely accepted that the Arcadian towns united to form Megalopolis in the year 368 BC, the same year that Archidamus of Sparta had won a battle against the Arcadians, the Messenians and the Argives without any Spartan losses (Ekd. Athinon, Pausaniou Periegissis, vol. 4, p. 293, note 2).
TEGEA (Ancient city) ARCADIA
The Tegeans say that in the time of Tegeates, son of Lycaon, only the district got its name from him, and that the inhabitants dwelt in parishes, Gareatae, Phylacenses, Caryatae, Corythenses, Potachidae, Oeatae, Manthyrenses, Echeuethenses. But in the reign of Apheidas a ninth parish was added to them, namely Apheidantes.
TRIPOLI (Municipality) ARCADIA
ARKADIA (Ancient area) PELOPONNISOS
The Hellenes who awaited the Persians in that place were these: three hundred Spartan armed men; one thousand from Tegea and Mantinea, half from each place; one hundred and twenty from Orchomenus in Arcadia and one thousand from the rest of Arcadia; that many Arcadians, four hundred from Corinth, two hundred from Phlius, and eighty Mycenaeans. These were the Peloponnesians present; from Boeotia there were seven hundred Thespians and four hundred Thebans.
MANTINIA (Ancient city) ARCADIA
The Mantineans did not fight on the side of the other Arcadians against the Lacedaemonians at Dipaea, but in the Peloponnesian war they rose with the Eleans against the Lacedaemonians, and joined in battle with them after the arrival of reinforcements from Athens. Their friendship with the Athenians led them to take part also in the Sicilian expedition.
The Hellenes who awaited the Persians in that place were these: three hundred
Spartan armed men; one thousand from Tegea and Mantinea, half from each place;
one hundred and twenty from Orchomenus in Arcadia and one thousand from the rest
of Arcadia; that many Arcadians, four hundred from Corinth, two hundred from Phlius,
and eighty Mycenaeans. These were the Peloponnesians present; from Boeotia there
were seven hundred Thespians and four hundred Thebans.
ORCHOMENOS (Ancient city) LEVIDI
The Hellenes who awaited the Persians in that place were these: three hundred Spartan armed men; one thousand from Tegea and Mantinea, half from each place; one hundred and twenty from Orchomenus in Arcadia and one thousand from the rest of Arcadia; that many Arcadians, four hundred from Corinth, two hundred from Phlius, and eighty Mycenaeans. These were the Peloponnesians present; from Boeotia there were seven hundred Thespians and four hundred Thebans
. . . Next to these were six hundred Arcadians from Orchomenus, and after them three thousand men of Sicyon.
TEGEA (Ancient city) ARCADIA
The Hellenes who awaited the Persians in that place were these: three hundred Spartan armed men; one thousand from Tegea and Mantinea, half from each place; one hundred and twenty from Orchomenus in Arcadia and one thousand from the rest of Arcadia; that many Arcadians, four hundred from Corinth, two hundred from Phlius, and eighty Mycenaeans. These were the Peloponnesians present; from Boeotia there were seven hundred Thespians and four hundred Thebans.
The Spartans chose the Tegeans for their neighbors in the battle, both to do them honor, and for their valor; there were of these fifteen hundred men-at-arms.
ORESTHION (Ancient city) VALTETSI
When the Lacedaemonians attacked the Arcadians and invaded Phigalia, they overcame the inhabitants in battle and sat down to besiege the city. When the walls were in danger of capture the Phigalians ran away, or perhaps the Lacedaemonians let them come out under a truce.The Phigalians who escaped resolved to go to Delphi and ask the god about their return. The Pythian priestess said that if they took with them one hundred picked men from Oresthasium, these would die in the battle, but through them the Phigalians would be restored to their city. When the Oresthasians heard of the oracle delivered to the Phigalians, all vied with one another in their eagerness to be one of the picked hundred and take part in the expedition to Phigalia. They advanced against the Lacedaemonian garrison and fulfilled the oracle in all respects. For they fought and met their end gloriously; expelling the Spartans they enabled the Phigalians to recover their native land.
MANTINIA (Ancient city) ARCADIA
Name given to Mantinea in honour of Antigonus.
MEGALOPOLIS (Ancient city) ARCADIA
There were chosen as founders by the Arcadians, Lycomedes and Hopoleas of Mantineia, Timon and Proxenus of Tegea, Cleolaus and Acriphius of Cleitor, Eucampidas and Hieronymus of Maenalus, Possicrates and Theoxenus of the Parrhasians.
MANTINIA (Ancient city) ARCADIA
Later on a Lacedaemonian army under Agesipolis, the son of Pausanias, invaded
their territory. Agesipolis was victorious in the battle and shut up the Mantineans
within their walls, capturing the city shortly after. He did not take it by storm,
but turned the river Ophis against its fortifications, which were made of unburnt
brick. Now against the blows of engines brick brings greater security than fortifications
built of stone. For stones break and are dislodged from their fittings; brick,
however, does not suffer so much from engines, but it crumbles under the action
of water just as wax is melted by the sun. After taking Mantineia, he left a small
part of it inhabited, but by far the greater part he razed to the ground, settling
the inhabitants in villages. Fate decreed that the Thebans should restore the
Mantineans from the villages to their own country after the engagement at Leuctra.
ARKADIA (Ancient area) PELOPONNISOS
Epariti (eparitoi). A corps of picked troops in Arcadia, which was formed to preserve the independence of the Arcadian towns, when they became united as one State after the defeat of the Spartans at Leuctra. They were 5000 in number, and were paid by the State. Cf. Hesych. s. v. eparoetoi: Thirlwall, v. 90.
TEGEA (Ancient city) ARCADIA
The Lacedaemonians with Charillus leading marched against Tegea having misunderstood a divination . They had also taken with them fetters to tie the Tegeans they would capture. But it turned out that the Tegeans won the battle, so they captured the Lacedaemonians, tied them with their own fetters and made them work at the Tegean fields as slaves (Ekd. Athinon, Pausaniou Periegissis, vol. 2, p. 323, note 2). Hanging up are the fetters, except such as have been destroyed by rust, worn by the Lacedaemonian prisoners when they dug the plain of Tegea (Paus. 8,47,2).
...When the Lacedaemonians heard the oracle reported, they left the other Arcadians alone and marched on Tegea carrying chains, relying on the deceptive oracle. They were confident they would enslave the Tegeans, but they were defeated in battle.Those taken alive were bound in the very chains they had brought with them, and they measured the Tegean plain with a rope by working the fields. The chains in which they were bound were still preserved in my day, hanging up at the temple of Athena Alea.
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