Listed 89 sub titles with search on: Mythology for wider area of: "THESSALIA Region GREECE" .
Daphne. The daughter of the rivergod Peneus, in Thessaly, pursued
by Apollo, who was charmed by her beauty; but as she was on the point of being
overtaken by him, she prayed for aid, and was metamorphosed into a laurel-tree
(daphne), which became in consequence the favourite tree of Apollo.
IOLKOS (Ancient city) VOLOS
Argonautae (Argonautai), the heroes and demigods who, according to the traditions
of the Greeks, undertook the first bold maritime expedition to Colchis, a far
distant country on the coast of the Euxine, for the purpose of fetching the golden
fleece. They derived their name from the ship Argo, in which the voyage was made,
and which was constructed by Argus at the command of Jason, the leader of the
Argonauts. The time which the Greek traditions assign to this enterprise is about
one generation before the Trojan war. The story of the expedition seems to have
been known to the author of the Odyssey (xii. 69, &c.), who states, that the ship
Argo was the only one that ever passed between the whirling rocks (penrai planktai).
Jason is mentioned several times in the Iliad (vii. 467, &c., xxi. 40, xxiii.
743, &c.), but not as the leader of the Argonauts. Hesiod (Theog. 992, &c.) relates
the story of Jason saying that he fetched Medeia at the command of his uncle Pelias,
and that she bore him a son, Medeius, who was educated by Cheiron. The first trace
of the common tradition that Jason was sent to fetch the golden fleece from Aea,
the city of Aeetes, in the eastern boundaries of the earth, occurs in Mimnermus
(ap. Strab. i. p. 46, &c.), a contemporary of Solon; but the most ancient detailed
account of the expedition of the Argonauts which is extant, is that of Pindar
(Pyth. iv.). Pelias, who had usurped the throne of Iolcus, and expelled Aeson,
the father of Jason, had received an oracle that he was to be on his guard against
the man who should come to him with only one sandal. When Jason had grown up,
he came to Iolcus to demand the succession to the throne of his father. On his
way thither, he had lost one of his sandals in crossing the river Anaurus. Pelias
recognised the man indicated by the oracle, but concealed his fear, hoping to
destroy him in some way; and when Jason claimed the throne of his ancestors, Pelias
declared himself ready to yield; but as Jason was blooming in youthful vigour,
Pelias entreated him to propitiate the manes of Phrixus by going to Colchis and
fetching the golden fleece. Jason accepted the proposal, and heralds were sent
to all parts of Greece to invite the heroes to join him in the expedition. When
all were assembled at Iolcus, they set out on their voyage, and a south wind carried
them to the mouth of the Axeinus Pontus (subsequently Euxinus Pontus), where they
built a temple to Poseidon, and implored his protection against the danger of
the whirling rocks. The ship then sailed to the eastern coast of the Euxine and
ran up the river Phasis, in the country of Aeetes, and the Argonauts had to fight
against the dark-eyed Colchians. Aphrodite inspired Medeia, the daughter of Aeetes,
with love for Jason, and made her forget the esteem and affection she owed to
her parent. She was in possession of magic powers, and taught Jason how to avert
the dangers which her father might prepare for him, and gave him remedies with
which he was to heal his wounds. Aeetes promised to give up the fleece to Jason
on condition of his ploughing a piece of land with his adamantine plough drawn
by firebreathing exen. Jason undertook the task, and, following the advice of
Medeia, he remained unhurt by the fire of the oxen, and accomplished what had
been demanded of him. The golden fleece, which Jason himself had to fetch, was
hung up in a thicket, and guarded by a fearful dragon, thicker and longer than
the ship of the Argonauts. Jason succeeded by a stratagem in slaying the dragon,
and on his return he secretly carried away Medeia with him. They sailed home by
the Erythraean sea, and arrived in Lemnos. In this account of Pindar, all the
Argonauts are thrown into the background, and Jason alone appears as the acting
hero. The brief description of their return through the Erythraean sea is difficult
to understand. Pindar, as the Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius (iv. 259) remarks,
like some other poets, makes the Argonauts return through the eastern current
of Oceanus, which it must be supposed that they entered through the river Phasis;
so that they sailed from the Euxine through the river Phasis into the eastern
ocean, and then round Asia to the southern coast of Libya. Here the Argonauts
landed, and carried their ship through Libya on their shoulders until they came
to the lake of Triton, through which they sailed northward into the Mediterranean,
and steered towards Lemnos and Iolcus. The Erythraean sea in this account is the
eastern ocean. There is scarcely any other adventure in the ancient stories of
Greece the detail of which has been so differently related by poets of all kinds.
The most striking differences are those relative to the countries or seas through
which the Argonauts returned home. As it was in most cases the object of the poets
to make them return through some unknown country, it was necessary, in later times,
to shift their road, accordingly as geographical knowledge became more and more
extended. While thus Pindar makes them return through the eastern ocean, others,
such as Apollonius Rhodius and Apollodorus, make them sail from the Euxine into
the rivers Ister and Eridanus into the western ocean, or the Adriatic; and others,
again, such as the Pseudo-Orpheus, Timaeus, and Scymnus of Chios, represent them
as sailing through the river Tanais into the northern ocean, and round the northern
countries of Europe. A fourth set of traditions, which was adopted by Herodotus,
Callimachus, and Diodorus Siculus, made them return by the same way as they had
sailed to Colchis.
All traditions, however, agree in stating, that the object of the
Argonauts was to fetch the golden fleece which was kept in the country of Aeetes.
This fleece was regarded as golden as early as the time of Hesiod and Pherecydes
(Eratosth. Catast. 19), but in the extant works of Hesiod there is no trace of
this tradition, and Mimnermus only calls it "a large fleece in the town of Aeetes,
where the rays of Helios rest in a golden chamber". Simonides and Acusilaus described
it as of purple colour (Schol. ad Eurip. Med. 5, ad Apollon. Rhod. iv. 1147).
If, therefore, the tradition in this form had any historical foundation at all,
it would seem to suggest, that a trade in furs with the countries north and east
of the Euxine was carried on by the Minyans in and about Iolcus at a very early
time, and that some bold mercantile enterprise to those countries gave rise to
the story about the Argonauts. In later traditions, the fleece is universally
called the golden fleece; and the wondrous ram who wore it is designated by the
name of Chrysomallus, and called a son of Poseidon and Theophane, the daughter
of Brisaltes in the island of Crumissa (Hygin. Fab.188). Strabo (xi.; comp. Appian,
de Bell. Mithrid. 103) endeavours to explain the story about the golden fleece
from the Colchians' collecting by means of skins the gold sand which was carried
down in their rivers from the mountains.
The ship Argo is described as a pentecontoros, that is, a ship with
fifty oars, and is said to have conveyed the same number of heroes. The Scholiast
on Lycophron (175) is the only writer who states the number of the heroes to have
been one hundred. But the names of the fifty heroes are not the same in all the
lists of the Argonauts, and it is a useless task to attempt to reconcile them
(Apollod. i. 9.16; Hygin. Fab. 14, with the commentators; compare the catalogue
of the Argonauts in Burmann's edition of Val. Flaccus). An account of the writers
who had made the expedition of the Argonauts the subject of poems or critical
investigations, and whose works were used by Apollonius Rhodius, is given by the
Scholiast on this poet. Besides the Argonautics of the Pseudo-Orpheus, we now
possess only those of Apollonius Rhodius, and his Roman imitator, Valerius Flaccus.
The account which is preserved in Apollodorus' Bibliotheca (i. 9.16-27) is derived
from the best sources that were extant in his time, and chiefly from Pherecydes.
We shall give his account here, partly because it is the plainest, and partly
because it may fill up those parts which Pindar in his description has touched
upon but slightly.
When Jason was commissioned by his uncle Pelias of Iolcus to fetch
the golden fleece, which was suspended on an oak-tree in the grove of Ares in
Colchis, and was guarded day and night by a dragon, he commanded Argus, the son
of Phrixus, to build a ship with fifty oars, in the prow of which Athena inserted
a piece of wood from the speaking oaks in the grove at Dodona, and he invited
all the heroes of his time to take part in the expedition. Their first landing-place
after leaving Iolcus was the island of Lemnos, where all the women had just before
murdered their fathers and husbands, in consequence of the anger of Aphrodite.
Thoas alone had been saved by his daughters and his wife Hypsipyle. The Argonauts
united themselves with the women of Lemnos, and Hypsipyle bore to Jason two sons,
Euneus and Nebrophonus. From Lemnos the Argonauts sailed to the country of the
Doliones, where king Cizycus received them hospitably. They left the country during
the night, and being thrown back on the coast by a contrary wind, they were taken
for Pelasgians, the enemies of the Doliones, and a struggle ensued, in which Cizycus
was slain; but being recognised by the Argonauts, they buried him and mourned
over his fate. They next landed in Mysia, where they left behind Heracles and
Polyphemus, who had gone into the 'country in search of Hylas, whom a nymph had
carried off while he was fetching water for his companions. In the country of
the Bebryces, king Amycus challenged the Argonauts to fight with him; and when
Polydeuces was killed by him, the Argonauts in revenge slew many of the Bebryces,
and sailed to Salmydessus in Thrace, where the seer Phineus was tormented by the
Harpyes. When the Argonauts consulted him about their voyage, he promised his
advice on condition of their delivering him from the Harpyes. This was done by
Zetes and Calais, two sons of Boreas; and Phineus now advised them, before sailing
through the Symplegades, to mark the flight of a dove, and to judge from its fate
of what they themselves would have to do. When they approached the Symplegades,
they sent out a dove, which in its rapid flight between the rocks lost only the
end of its tail. The Argonauts now, with the assistance of Hera, followed the
example of the dove, sailed quickly between the rocks, and succeeded in passing
through without injuring their ship, with the exception of some ornaments at the
stern. exceforth the Symplegades stood immoveable in the sea. On their arrival
in the country of the Mariandyni, the Argonauts were kindly received by their
king, Lycus. The seer Idmon and the helnsmuan Tiphys died here, and the place
of the latter was supplied by Ancacus. They now sailed along the Thermodon and
the Caucasus, until they arrived at the mouth of the river Phasis. The Colchian
king Aeetes promised to give up the golden fleece, if Jason alone would yoke to
a plough two firebreathing oxen with brazen feet, and sow the teeth of the dragon
which had not been used by Cadmus at Thebes, and which he had received from Athena.
The love of Medeia furnished Jason with means to resist fire and steel, on condition
of his taking her as his wife; and she taught him how he was to create feuds among
and kill the warriors that were to spring up from the teeth of the dragon. While
Jason was engaged upon his task, Aeetes formed plans for burning the ship Argo
and for killing all the Greek heroes. But Medeia's magic powers sent to sleep
the dragon who guarded the golden fleece; and after Jason had taken possession
of the treasure, he and his Argonauts, together with Medeia and her young brother
Absyrtus, embarked by night and sailed away. Aeetes pursued them, but before he
overtook them, Medeia murdered her brother, cut him into pieces, and threw his
limbs overboard, that her father might be detained in his pursuit by collecting
the limbs of his child. Aeetes at last returned home, but sent out a great number
of Colchians, threatening them with the punishment intended for Medeia, if they
returned without her. While the Colchians were dispersed in all directions, the
Argonauts had already reached the mouth of the river Eridanus. But Zeus, in his
anger at the murder of Absyrtus, raised a storm which cast the ship from its road.
When driven on the Absyrtian islands, the ship began to speak, and declared that
the anger of Zeus would not cease, unless they sailed towards Ausonia, and got
purified by Circe. They now sailed along the coasts of the Ligyans and Celts,
and through the sea of Sardinia, and continuing their course along the coast of
Tyrrhenia, they arrived in the island of Aeaea, where Circe purified them. When
they were passing by the Sirens, Orpheus sang to prevent the Argonauts being allured
by them. Bates, however, swam to them, but Aphrodite carried him to Lilybaeum.
Thetis and the Nereids conducted them through Scylla and Charybdis and between
the whirling rocks (petrai planktai); and sailing by the Trinacian island with
its oxen of Helios, they came to the Phaeacian island of Corcyra, where they were
received by Alcinous. In the meantime, some of the Colchians, not being able to
discover the Argonauts, had settled at the foot of the Ceraunian mountains; others
occupied the Absyrtian islands near the coast of Illyricum ; and a third band
overtook the Argonauts in the island of the Phaeacians. But as their hopes of
recovering Medeia were deceived by Arete, the queen of Alcinous, they settled
in the island, and the Argonauts continued their voyage. During the night, they
were overtaken by a storm; but Apollo sent brilliant flashes of lightning which
enabled them to discover a neighbouring island, which they called Anaphe. Here
they erected an altar to Apollo, and solemn rites were instituted, which continued
to be observed down to very late times. Their attempt to land in Crete was prevented
by Talus, who guarded the island, but was killed by the artifices of Medeia. From
Crete they sailed to Aegina, and front thence between Euboea and Locris to Iolcus.
Respecting the events subsequent to their arrival in lolcus, see Aeson, Medeia,
Jason, Pelias. The story of the Argonauts probably arose out of accounts of commercial
enterprises which the wealthy Minyans made to the coasts of the Euxine.
This text is from: A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, 1873 (ed. William Smith). Cited Oct 2005 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Argonautae, (Argonautai). A name given to those who sailed in the ship Argo under the
lead of Iason, son of Aeson, a generation before the Trojan War, to Aea, afterwards
identified with Colchis at the eastern end of the Euxine Sea. The expedition was
undertaken for the recovery of the golden fleece of the ram on which Phrixus,
son of Athamas, had fled from his father and Ino, his step-mother, to the court
of Aeetes, king of Aea, a mighty magician. Having been hospitably received by
him, and married to his daughter Chalciope, he had sacrificed the ram, and hung
its fleece up in the grove of Ares, where it was guarded by a sleepless dragon.
The task of bringing it back was laid upon Iason by his uncle Pelias, son of Poseidon
and Tyro, who had deprived his half-brother Aeson of the sovereignty of Iolcus
in Thessaly. Aeson, to protect his son from the plots of Pelias, had conveyed
him secretly to the centaur Chiron on Mount Pelion, who brought him up until he
was twenty years of age. Then Iason came home, and without a shoe on his left
foot, having lost it in wading through a mountain torrent, presented himself before
Pelias, demanding his father's restoration to his sovereignty. The crafty Pelias,
whom an oracle had warned against a one-shoed man, promised on his oath to do
what he asked, if Iason would go instead of himself to bring the golden fleece.
This task the oracle had imposed upon himself, but he was too old to perform it.
Another version of the story is, that Iason, after completing his education with
Chiron, preferred to live in the country; that he came, with one shoe on, to a
sacrifice that Pelias was offering to Poseidon on the sea-shore; that Pelias asked
him what he would do if he were king and had been forewarned of his death at the
hand of a subject; and that, upon Iason answering that he would make him bring
the golden fleece, Pelias gave him the commission. Here had put that answer into
Iason's mouth, because she regarded him with favour, and wished to punish Pelias
for having slain Sidero in her temple.
The vessel for the voyage, the fifty-oared Argo, is said to
have been named after its builder Argos, a son of Phrixus after his return to
Orchomenus, the home of his fathers. The ship was built of the pines of Pelion
under the direction of Athene, like Here a protectress of Iason, who inserted
in the prow a piece of the speaking oak of Dodona. The heroes who, at Iason's
call, took part in the expedition (fifty all told, according to the number of
the oars), were originally, in the version to which the Minyan family gave currency,
Minyans of Iolcos, Orchomenus, Pylos, and other places. Among them were Acastus
the son of Pelias, a close friend of Iason; Admetus, Erginus, Euphemus, Periclymenus,
and Tiphys. But, as the story spread, all the Greek heroes that could have been
living at the time were included among the number of the Argonauts--e. g. Heracles,
Castor and Polydeuces, Idas and Lynceus, Calais and Zetes the sons of Boreas,
Peleus, Tydeus, Meleager, Amphiaraus, Orpheus, Mopsus and Idmon the prophets of
the expedition, and even the huntress Atalanta. Iason takes the command, and Tiphys
manages the helm. Setting sail from Pegasae, the port of Iolcos, the Argonauts
make the island of Lemnos, where only women dwell, and after some considerable
stay there (see Hypsipyle) go past Samothrace and through the Hellespont to the
island of Cyzicus, where they are hospitably received by Cyzicus, the king of
the Doliones; but, attempting to proceed, are beaten back by a storm at night,
and, being taken by their late friends for pirates, are attacked, and have the
ill-fortune to kill their young king. On the coast of Mysia they leave Heracles
behind to look for Hylas, who has been carried off by nymphs. On the Bithynian
shore, Polydeuces vanquishes the Bebrycian king Amycus in a boxing-match. At Salmydessus
in Thrace, the blind seer Phineus, whom Calais and Zetes had rid of the Harpies,
his tormentors, instructs them with regard to the rest of their journey, and especially
how to sail through the Symplegades, two floating rocks that clash together at
the entrance to the Black Sea. By his advice Iason sends a dove before him, and
as she has only her tail-feathers cut off by the colliding rocks, they venture
on the feat of rowing the Argo through. By Here's help, or, according to another
account, that of Athene, they do what no man has done before: they pass through,
the ship only losing her rudder. Skirting the southern shore of the Pontus, they
meet with a friendly reception from Lycus, king of the Maryandini, though here
the seer Idmon is killed by a wild boar in hunting, and the helmsman Tiphys dies
of a disease, whereupon Ancaeus takes his place. Past the land of the Amazons
they come to the island of Aretias, whence they scare away the Stymphalian birds,
and take on board the sons of Phrixus, who had been shipwrecked there on their
way to Greece. At length they reach the mouth of the Phasis in the land of the
Colchians. Upon Iason's demand, Aeetes promises to give up the golden fleece,
on condition that Iason catches two brazen-hoofed, firebreathing bulls, yokes
them to a brazen plough, and ploughs with them the field of Ares, sows the furrows
with dragons' teeth, and overcomes the mailclad men that are to spring out of
them. The hero has given up all hope of success, when Aphrodite kindles in the
breast of the king's daughter Medea an irresistible love for the stranger. Medea
gives him an ointment to protect him from the fiery breath of the bulls, as well
as the strength to harness them, and advises him to throw a stone in among the
earth-born giants, who will kill each other. But when all this is done Aeetes
does not give up the fleece. Then Iason, with the help of Medea, whom he promises
to take home with him as his wife, throws the dragon that guards it into a sleep,
takes it down, and escapes with Medea and his comrades. Aeetes sends his son Absyrtus
in pursuit, whom Iason kills by stratagem. Another story is that Medea takes her
little brother Absyrtus with her, cuts him to pieces, and throws the limbs one
by one into the sea, so that her father, while pursuing her, might be delayed
in picking them up and laying them out.
As to the return of the Argonauts, the legends differ considerably.
One of the oldest makes them sail up the Phasis into the river Oceanus, and over
that to Libya, where they drag the ship twelve days' journey overland to Lake
Tritonis, and get home across the Mediterranean. Other accounts agree with this
in substance, while others, again, mix up the older tradition with the adventures
of Odysseus. The heroes sail up the Danube into the Adriatic, and are within hail
of Corcyra (Corfu) when a storm breaks out, and the piece of oak from Dodona foretells
their ruin unless they have the murder of Absyrtus expiated by Circe. Hence they
sail up the Eridanus into the Rhone, and so into the Tyrrhenian Sea to the island
of Circe, who purifies them. They go past the island of the Sirens, against whose
magic the songs of Orpheus protect them. All but Butes pass in safety between
Scylla and Charybdis with the help of the gods, and reach the island of the Phaeacians,
where Iason marries Medea to evade the sentence of their host Alcinous, who, in
his capacity as umpire, has given judgment that the girl Medea be delivered up
to her Colchian pursuers. Already within sight of the Peloponnesus, a storm drives
them into the Libyan Syrtes, whence they carry their ship, saved by divine assistance,
to Lake Tritonis. Thence, guided by Triton into the Mediterranean, they return
by way of Crete to Iolcos.
During their absence Pelias has put to death Aeson and his
son Promachus, and Iason's mother has taken her own life. Medea sets to work to
avenge them. Before the eyes of Pelias's daughters she cuts up an old he-goat,
and by boiling it in a magic caldron restores it to life and youth. Promising
in like manner to renew the youth of the aged Pelias, she induces them to kill
their father and then leaves them in the lurch. Driven away by Acastus, the son
of the murdered king, Iason and Medea take refuge with Creon, king of Corinth.
But, after ten years of happy wedlock, Iason resolves to marry Creon's daughter
Creusa, or Glauce. On this, Medea kills the bride and her father by sending the
unsuspecting maiden a poisoned robe and a diadem as a bridal gift, murders her
own two sons, Mermerus and Pheres, in her faithless husband's sight, and, escaping
in a car drawn by serpents, sent by her grandfather Helios, makes her way to Aegeus,
king of Athens. Iason is said to have come by his death through the Argo, which
he had set up and consecrated on the Isthmus. One day, when he was lying down
to rest under the ship, the stern fell off and killed him.
The legend of the Argonauts is extremely ancient; even Homer
speaks of it as universally known. We first find it treated in detail in Pindar;
then the Alexandrian poet Apollonius of Rhodes tried to harmonize the various
versions, and was followed by the Latin poets Valerius Flaccus, Varro Atacinus,
and the late Greek PseudoOrpheus.
This text is from: Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. Cited Oct 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Apollodorus, Library and Epitome 1.9.16 & Pindar, Odes P.4.171
Τhe building of the, speaks with human voice, Amycus goes to the, Aeetes wishes to burn the, its voyage to Colchis, the Colchians search for the, find it in the land of the Phaeacians, pelted with stones by Talos, dedicated to Poseidon at the Isthmus of Corinth, Argonautica of Apollonius, voyage of the ship to Libya.
AZORON (Ancient city) ELASSONA
(Asoros), according to Hesychius (s. v.), the helmsman of the ship Argo, who is said to have built the Pelagonian town of Azoros. (Steph. Byz. s. v.)
GYRTON (Ancient city) LARISSA
Gyrton, a brother of Phlegyas, who built the town of Gyrton on the Peneius, and from whom it received its name. (Steph. Byz. s. v. Turton.) Others derived the name of that town from Gyrtone, who is called a daughter of Phlegyas. (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 57; comp. Muller, Orchom. p. 189, 2d edit.)
LARISSA (Ancient city) THESSALIA
Aleuas and Aleuadae (Aleuadai). Aleuas is the ancestorial hero of the Thessalian,
or, more particularly, of the Larissaean family of the Aleuadae (Pind. Pyth. x.
8). The Aleuadae were the noblest and most powerful among all the families of
Thessaly, whence Herodotus (vii. 6) calls its members Basileis. The first Aleuas,
who bore the surname of Purros, that is, the red-haired, is called king (here
synonymous with Tagus)
of Thessaly, and a descendant of Heracles through Thessalus, one of the many sons
of Heracles. (Suidas, s. v. Aleuadai; Ulpian, ad Dem. Olynth. i.; Schol. (ad Apollon.
Rhod. iii. 1090; Vellei. i. 3.) Plutarch (de Am. Frat. in, fin.) states, that
he was hated by his father on account of his haughty and savage character; but
his uncle nevertheless contrived to get him elected king and sanctioned by the
god of Delphi. His reign was more glorious than that of any of his ancestors,
and the nation rose in power and importance. This Aleuas, who belongs to the mythical
period of Greek history, is in all probability the same as the one who, according
to Hegemon (ap. Ael. Anim. viii. 11), was beloved by a dragon. According to Aristotle
(ap. Harpocrat. s.v. Tetrarchia) the division of Thessaly into four parts, of
which traces remained down to the latest times, took place in the reign of the
first Aleuas. Buttmann places this hero in the period between the so-called return
of the Heraclids and the age of Peisistratus. But even earlier than the time of
Peisistratus the family of the Aleuadac appears to have become divided into two
branches, the Aleuadae and the Scopadae, called after Scopas, probably a son of
Aleuas. (Ov. Ibis, 512.) The Scopadae inhabited Crannon and perhaps Pharsalus
also, while the main branch, the Aleuadae, remained at Larissa. The influence
of the families, however, was not confined to these towns, but extended more or
less over the greater part of Thessaly. They formed in reality a powerful aristocratic
party (Basileis) in opposition to the great body of the Thessalians. (Herod. vii.
172)
This text is from: A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, 1873 (ed. William Smith). Cited Oct 2005 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ALOS (Ancient city) MAGNESSIA
It was Athamas who founded Halus, but in later times, after it had been wiped out, the Pharsalians colonized the place (Strab. 9,5,8).
Perseus Project Index. Total results on 4/5/2001: 148
GYRTON (Ancient city) LARISSA
Phalereus. A son of Alcon, and grandson of Erechtheus or Eurysthenes, was one of the Argonauts, and the founder of Gyrton. (Orph. Arg. 144.) He is said to have emigrated with his daughter Chalciope or Chalcippe to Chalcis in Euboea, and when his father demanded that he should be sent back, the Chalcidians refused to deliver him up. (Schol. ad Apollon. Riod. i. 97.) In the port of Phalerum near Athens, which was believed to have derived its name front him, an altar was dedicated to him. (Paus. i. l.4.)
IOLKOS (Ancient city) VOLOS
Cretheus; son of Aeolus, brings up Tyro, founds Iolcus, marries Tyro, father of Aeson, Amythaon, Pheres, and of Neleus. Tyro; daughter of Salmoneus and Alcidice, loves river Enipeus, mother of twins, Pelias and Neleus, by Poseidon, wife of Cretheus, mother of Aeson, Amythaon, and Pheres.
Cretheus, (Kretheus), a son of Aeolus and Enarete, was married to Tyro, the daughter of Salmoneus, by whom he became the father of Aeson, Pheres, Amythaon, and Hippolyte. He is called the founder of the town of Iolcus (Hom. Od. xi. 236, 258; Apollod. i. 9.11; comp. Paus. viii. 25.5). According to another tradition, Cretheus was married to Demodice or Biadice, who loved Phrixus, and as her love was rejected by the latter, she calumniously accused him to Cretheus of having been guilty of improper conduct. (Hygin. Poet. Ast. ii. 20)
LARISSA (Ancient city) THESSALIA
Some take the Pelasgian Argos as a Thessalian city once situated in the neighborhood of Larisa but now no longer existent; but others take it, not as a city, but as the plain of the Thessalians, which is referred to by this name because Abas, who brought a colony there from Argos, so named it (Strab. 9,5,5).
FTHIA (Ancient city) LARISSA
Arce (Arke), a daughter of Thaumas and sister of Iris, who in the contest of the gods with the Titans sided with the latter. Zeus afterwards punished her for this by throwing her into Tartarus and depriving her of her wings, which were given to Thetis at her marriage with Peleus. Thetis afterwards fixed these wings to the feet of her son Achilles, who was therefore called podarkes. (Ptolem. Hephaest. 6.)
ICHNES (Ancient city) THESSALIA
Ichnaea (Ichnaia), that is, the tracing goddess, occurs as a surname of Themis, though in her case it may have been derived from the town of Ichnae, where she was worshipped (Hom. Hymn. in Apoll. Del. 94; Lycoph. 129; Strab. ix.; Steph. Byz. s. v. Ichnai), and a surname of Nemesis.
PELION (Mountain) MAGNESSIA
A Centaur wounded by Herakles.
Astylus a seer among the centaurs, who is mentioned by Ovid (Met. xii. 308) as dissuading the centaurs from fighting against the Lapithae. But the name in Ovid seems to be a mistake either of the poet himself or of the transcribers for Asbolus. (Hes. Scut. Herc. 185)
Cyllarus (Kullaros), a beautiful centaur, who was married to Hylonome, and was killed at the wedding feast of Peirithous. (Ov. Met. xii. 393, &c.) The horse of Castor was likewise called Cyllarus. (Virg. Georg. iii. 90; Val. Flacc. i. 426; Suidas, s. v.)
Hippasus. A centaur, who was slain by Theseus, at the wedding of Peirithous. (Ov. Met. xii. 352.)
MAGNESIA (Ancient area) THESSALIA
MITHONI (Ancient city) SOUTH PELION
Editor’s Information:
About Philoctetes, Sophocles wrote the homonymous tragedy, of which the e-text(s) is (are) found in Greece (ancient country) under the category Ancient Greek Writings.
Son of Poeas, suitor of Helen, leader of the Olizonians against Troy, bitten by a snake in Tenedos, put ashore and abandoned by the Greeks in Lemnos, fetched to Greek camp before Troy, his bow carried off by Diomede, fetched by Odysseus and Diomedes, shoots Alexander, sails to Mimas, goes to Campania in Italy, makes war on the Lucanians, settles in Crimissa, founds a sanctuary of Apollo the Wanderer, and dedicates his bow to him, slays Admetus.
Perseus Project index - Total results on 13/8/2001: 440 for Philoctetes, 17 for Philoktetes.
PEREVIA (Ancient area) THESSALIA
One of the Lapithae, and father of Polyphemus and of Caeneus, who is hence called Elateius.
Elatus. a prince of the Lapithae at Laiisa in Thessaly, was married to Hippeia, by whom he became the father of Cacneus and Polyphemus, both of whom took part in the expedition of the Argonauts (Hygin. Fab. 11; Ov. Met. xii. 497). He is sometimes confounded with the Arcadian Elatus. There are four more mythical personages of this name. (Hom. Il. vi. 33, Od. xxii. 268; Apollod. ii. 5.4; Apollon. Rhod. i. 101.)
Aethalides (Aithalides), a son of Hermes and Eupolemeia, a daughter of Myrmidon. He was the herald of the Argonauts, and had received from his father the faculty of remembering everything, even in Hades. He was further allowed to reside alternately in the upper and in the lower world. As his soul could not forget anything even after death, it remembered that from the body of Aethalides it had successively migrated into those of Euphorbus, Hermotimus, Pyrrhus, and at last into that of Pythagoras, in whom it still retained the recollection of its former migrations (Apollon. Rhod. i. 54, 640, &c.; Orph. Aryon. 131; Hygin. Fab. 14; Diog. Lacrt. viii. 1. § 4, &c.; Val. Flacc. i. 437).
This text is from: A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, 1873 (ed. William Smith). Cited Sep 2005 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
FTHIA (Ancient city) LARISSA
Irus (Iros). A son of Actor, and father of Eurydamas and Eurytion. He propitiated Peleus for the murder of his brother; but during the chase of the Calydonian boar, Peleus unintentionally killed Eurytion, the son of Irus. Peleus endeavoured to soothe him by offering him his flocks ; but Irus would not accept them, and at the command of an oracle, Peleus allowed them to run wherever they pleased. A wolf devoured the sheep, but was thereupon changed into a stone, which was shown in later times on the frontier between Locris and Phocis. (Anton. Lib. 38; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 175; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 71.)
This text is from: A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, 1873 (ed. William Smith). Cited Oct 2006 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Amphictyon (Amphiktuon), a son of Deucalion and Pyrrha (Apollod. i. 7.2), or according to others an autochthon, who after having married Cranae, the daughter of Cranaus, king of Attica, expelled his father-in-law from his kingdom and usurped his throne. He ruled for twelve years, and was then in turn expelled by Erichthonius (Apollod. iii. 14.5, &c.; Paus. i. 2.5). According to Eustathius (ad Hom.), he was married to Chthonopatra, by whom he had a son, Physcus, the father of Locrus. According to Stephanus Byzantius (s. v. Phuskos), however, Aetolus was a son and Physcus a grandson of Amphictyon. He was believed to have been the first who introduced the custom of mixing wine with water, and to have dedicated two altars to Dionysus Orthos and the nymphs. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (iv. 25), who calls him a son of Hellen, Pausanias (x. 8.1), and others, regard Amphictyon as the founder of the amphictyony of Thermopylae, and in consequence of this belief a sanctuary of Amphictyon was built in the village of Anthela on the Asopus, which was the most ancient place of meeting of this amphictyony (Herod. vii. 200.) But this belief is without any foundation, and arose from the ancients assigning the establishment of their institutions to some mythical hero.
This text is from: A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, 1873 (ed. William Smith). Cited Oct 2005 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Eurydamas, (Eurudamas). A son of Irus and Demonassa, was one of the Argonauts. (Hygin. Fab. 14.) Apollonius Rhodius (i. 67; comp. Orph. Arg. 164) calls him a son of Ctimenus.
Laodocus (Laodikos/Laodikos). A son of Apollo and Phthia, a brother of Dorus and Polypoethes, in Curetis, was killed by Aetolus. (Apollod. i. 7.6.)
IOLKOS (Ancient city) VOLOS
Son of Aeson, slain by Pelias.
Ampycus (Ampukos). A son of Pelias, husband of Chloris, and father of the famous seer Mopsus. (Hygin. Fab. 14, 128; Apollon. Rhod. i. 1083; Ov. Met. xii. 456.) Pausanias (v. 17.4, vii. 18.4) calls him Ampyx.
Aregonis, according to the Orphic Argonautica (127), the wife of Ampycus and mother of Mopsus. Hyginus (Fab. 14) calls her Chloris.
MELIVIA (Ancient city) THESSALIA
Perseus Encyclopedia
Poeas, (Poias). King of the Malians at the foot of Mount Oeta.
He set fire to the pyre of Heracles, in return for which the hero gave him his
bow and his poisoned arrows. His son was Philoctetes, who is hence called Poeantius
heros.
PIRASSIA (Ancient city) KARDITSA
Son of Cometes, an Argonaut.
TRIKKI (Ancient city) THESSALIA
Gorgasus, (Gorgasos), a son of Machaon and Anticleia, who, together with his brother Nicomachus, had a sanctuary at Pherae, founded by Glaucus, the son of Aepytus. (Paus. iv. 3. § 6, 30. § 2.
AMYROS (Ancient city) AGIA
Amyrus (Amuros), a son of Poseidon, from whom the town and river Amyrus in Thessaly were believed to have derived their name. (Steph. Byz. s. v. ; Val. Flacc. ii. 11.)
ARNI (Ancient city) KARDITSA
A daughter of Aeolus, who gave her name to two towns, one in Thessaly and the other in Boeotia. Poseidon, under the form of a bull, became her lover.
ATRAX (Ancient city) THESSALIA
Atrax, a son of Peneius and Bura, from whom the town of Atrax in Hestiaeotis was believed to have derived its name. (Steph. Byz. s. v.) He was the father of Hippodameia and Caenis, the latter of whom by the will of Poseidon was changed into a man, and named Caenus. (Antonin. Lib. 17; Ov. Met. xii. 190, &c.)
EMONIA (Ancient province) THESSALIA
Haemon. A son of Pelasgus and father of Thessalus. The ancient name of Thessaly, viz. Haemonia, or Aemonia, was believed to have been derived from him. (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. iii. 1090; Plin. H. V. iv. 14.)
MAGNESIA (Ancient area) THESSALIA
Magnes. A son of Aeolus and Enarete, became the father of Polydectes and Dictys by a Naiad. (Apollod. i. 7. 3, 9. 6, i. 3. 3.) The scholiast of Euripides (Phoen. 1760) calls his wife Philodice, and his sons Eurynomus and Eioneus; but Eustathius (ad Hom.) calls his wife Meliboea, and mentions one son Alector, and adds that he called the town of Meliboea, at the foot of mount Pelion, after his wife, and the country of Magnesia after his own name.
Creusa (Kreousa), a daughter of Oceanus and Ge. She was a Naid, and became by Peneius the mother of Hypseus, king of the Lapithae, and of Stilbe. (Pind. Pyth. ix. 30; Diod. iv. 69)
THESSALIA (Ancient area) GREECE
Daughter of Epimetheus, wife of Deucalion, saved in great flood, makes women out of stones, her children.
VIVI (Ancient city) MAGNESSIA
Boebus, (Boibos), a son of Glaphyrus, from whom the Thessalian town of Boebe derived its name. (Steph. Byz. s. v. Boibe.)
ESTIEOTIS (Ancient area) THESSALIA
King of the Dorians, Herakles helps him against the Lapiths, father of Dymas and of Pamphylus, his sons slain in battle.
Perseus Project Index. Total results on 3/5/2001: 18 for Aegimius, 1 for Aigimios.
FERES (Ancient city) RIGAS FERAIOS
Editor’s Information:
About Alcestis, Euripides wrote the homonymous tragedy, of which the e-text(s) is (are) found in Greece (ancient country) under the category Ancient Greek Writings.
Son of Myrmidon, father of Eurytion
Son of Actor, hunts the Calydonian boar, king of Phthia, receives Peleus, purifies him, and gives him his daughter, accidentally killed by Peleus.
Eurytion, (Eurution). A son of Irus and Demonassa, and a grandson of Actor, is mentioned among the Argonauts. (Hygin. Fab. 14; Apollon. Rhod. i. 71.) According to others he was a son of Actor, and he is also called Eurytus. (Apollod. i. 8.2; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 175.) When Peleus was expelled from his dominions, he fled to Eurytion and married his daughter Antigone; but in shooting at the Calydonian boar, Peleus inadvertently killed his father-in-law. (Apollod. iii. 13. 1. &c.)
IOLKOS (Ancient city) VOLOS
Astydamia; falsely accuses Peleus, killed by Peleus. Acastus: Son of Pelias, in the Argo, buries his father, holds games in memory of his father, at funeral games of Pelias, expels Jason and Medea from Iolcus, purifies Peleus, takes Peleus to hunt, deserts him, and hides his sword, father of Sthenele, the sons of, expel Peleus from Phthia, painted by Micon.
Acastus, (Akastos). The son of Pelias, king of Iolcos, who joined the Argonautic expedition, though against his father's will, as a friend of Iason. At his father's death he celebrated funeral games which were the theme of ancient poets and artists, and in which Peleus was represented as participating. He took part in the Calydonian boar-hunt. But his wife Astydamia fell in love with Peleus (q.v.), and this brought ruin on the wedded pair. His daughter was Laodamia, renowned for her tender love of Protesilaus.
This text is from: Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. Cited Oct 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Acastus (Akastos), a son of Pelias, king of Iolcus, and of Anaxibia, or as others call her, Philomache. He was one of the Argonauts (Apollod. i. 9.10; Apollon. Rhod. i. 224, &c.), and also took part in the Calydonian hunt (Ov. Met. viii. 305,&c.). After the return of the Argonauts his sisters were seduced by Medeia to cut their father in pieces and boil them; and Acastus, when he heard this, buried his father, drove Iason and Medeia, and according to Pausanias (vii. 11) his sisters also, from lolcus, and instituted funeral games in honour of his father (Hygin. Fab. 24 and 273; Apollod. i. 9.27, &c.; Paus. iii. 18.9, vi. 20.9, v. 17.4; Ov. Met. xi. 409, &c.). During these games it happened that Astydamia, the wife of Acastus, who is also called Hippolyte, fell in love with Peleus, whom Acastus had purified from the murder of Eurytion. When Peleus refused to listen to her addresses, she accused him to her husband of having attempted to dishonour her (Apollod. iii. 13.2, &c.; Pind. Nem. iv. 90, &c.). Acastus, however, did not take immediate revenge for the alleged crime, but after he and Peleus had been chasing on mount Pelion, and the latter had fallen asleep, Acastus took his sword from him, and left him alone and exposed, so that Peleus was nearly destroyed by the Centaurs. But he was saved by Cheiron or Hermes, returned to Acastus, and killed him together with his wife (Apollod. l. c.; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 224). The death of Acastus is not mentioned by Apollodorus, but according to him Peleus in conjunction with Iason and the Dioscuri merely conquer and destroy Iolcus (Apollod. iii. 13.7).
This text is from: A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, 1873 (ed. William Smith). Cited Sep 2005 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
PEREVIA (Ancient area) THESSALIA
Hypseus (Hupseus), a son of Peneius, and the Naiad Creusa, or Phillyra, the daughter of Asopus, was king of the Lapithae, and married to Chlidanope, by whom he became the father of Cyrene, Alcaea, Themisto, and Astyageia (Pind. Pyth. ix. 13, &c.; Apollod. i. 9,2; Diod. iv. 69; Paus. ix. 34.5). Another personage of this name occurs in Ovid (Met. v. 99).
Lapithes, a son of Apollo and Stilbe, the brother of Centaurus, and husband of Orsinome, the daughter of Eurynomus, by whom he became the father of Phorbas, Triopas, and Periphas. He was regarded as the ancestor of the Lapithae in the mountains of Thessaly. (Hom. Il. xii. 128; Diod. iv. 69, v. 61). They were governed by Peirithous, who being a son of Ixion, was a half-brother of the Centaurs. The latter, therefore, demanded their share in their father's kingdom, and, as their claims were not satisfied, a war arose between the Lapithae and Centaurs, which, however, was terminated by a peace. But when Peirithous married Hippodameia, and invited the Centaurs to the solemnity, a bloody war, stirred by Ares, broke out between the Lapithae and Centaurs, in which the latter were defeated; but the Lapithae were afterwards humbled by Heracles. (Hom. Od. xxi. 295, II. xii. 128, 181; Orph. Argon. 413; Diod. iv. 70; Paus. i. 7. 2, v. 10.8 ; Strab. ix.; Ov. Met. xii. 210, &c.; Horat. Carm. i. 18. 5; Plin. H. N. iv. 8, 15, xxxvi. 5, 4).
This text is from: A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, 1873 (ed. William Smith). Cited Oct 2006 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
TRIKKI (Ancient city) THESSALIA
Son of Ares and Chryse, king of Andreis (the Boeotian Orchomenus), greatest warrior of his age, father of Coronis, comes to Peloponnese with his daughter, slain by Lycus and Nycteus.
Dotis, a daughter of Elatus or Asterius, by Amphictyone, from whom the Dotian plain, in Thessaly, was believed to have derived its name. Dotis was the mother of Phlegyas, by Ares. (Apollod. iii. 5.5, where in some editions we have a wrong reading, Chruses, instead of Dotidos; Steph. Byz. s. v. Dotion.)
MELIVIA (Ancient city) THESSALIA
Apollodorus, in his work On Ships, in mentioning Philoctetes, says that, according to some, when Philoctetes arrived at the territory of Croton, he colonized the promontory Crimissa, and, in the interior above it, the city Chone, from which the Chonians of that district took their name
This extract is from: The Geography of Strabo (ed. H. L. Jones, 1924), Cambridge. Harvard University Press. Cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.
Petelia, then, is regarded as the metropolis of the Chones, and has been rather populous down to the present day. It was founded by Philoctetes after he, as the result of a political quarrel, had fled from Meliboea. It has so strong a position by nature that the Samnitae once fortified it against the Thurii.
This extract is from: The Geography of Strabo (ed. H. L. Jones, 1924), Cambridge. Harvard University Press. Cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.
And Philoctetes was driven to in Italy, and after making war on the Lucanians, he settled in Crimissa, near Croton and Thurium; and, his wanderings over, he founded a sanctuary of Apollo the Wanderer (Alaios), to whom also he dedicated his bow, as Euphorion says.
A town on the eastern coast of Bruttium. Here Philoctetes was said to have been buried.
This text is from: Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. Cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
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