Listed 29 sub titles with search on: Information about the place for wider area of: "NAFPAKTOS Municipality ETOLOAKARNANIA" .
CHALKIS (Ancient city) NAFPAKTOS
Chalcis. Also called Chalceia, and Hypohalcis (Chalkeia, Pol. v. 94; Hupochalkis,
Strab. p. 451; Steph. B. s. v.) A town of Aetolia, situated upon the coast, at
a short distance E. of the mouth of the Evenus, and at the foot of a mountain
of the same name, whence it was called Hypochalcis. Chalcis is one of the 5 Aetolian
towns spoken of by Homer,who gives it the epithet of anchialos, and it continued
to be mentioned in the historical period. (Hom. Il. ii. 640; Thuc. ii. 83; Pol.
v. 94; Strab. pp. 451,459 460.) There are two great mountains situated between
the river Fidhari (the Evenus) and the castle of Rumili (Antirrhium), of which
the western mountain, called Varassova, corresponds to Chalcis, and the eastern,
called Kaki-skala, to Taphiassus. The town of Chalcis appears to have stood in
the valley between the two mountains, probably at Ovrio-castro, where there are
some remains of an Hellenic fortress. There was some confusion in the ancient
writers respecting the position of mount Chalcis, and Artemidorus, who called
it Chalcia, placed it between the Achelous and Pleuron (Strab. p. 460); but this
is clearly an error.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited May 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
MAKYNIA (Ancient city) NAFPAKTOS
Makunia, Makuna, Makuneia, Eth. Makuneus. A town of Aetolia on the
coast, at the foot of the eastern slope of Mount Taphiassus. According to Strabo
it was built after the return of the Heraclidae into Peloponnesus. It is called
a town of the Ozolian Locrians by the poet Archytas of Amphissa, who describes
it in an hexameter line: the grape-clad, perfume-breathing, lovely Macuna. It
is also mentioned in an epigram of Alcaeus, the Messenian, who was a contemporary
of Philip V., king of Macedonia. Pliny mentions a mountain Macynium, which must
have been part of Mount Taphiassus, near Macynia, unless it is indeea a mistake
for the town.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
MOLYKRIA (Ancient city) NAFPAKTOS
Molycreium, Molycreia, or Molycria (Molukreion, Thuc. ii. 84; Molukreia,
Strab. x. p. 451, et alii; Molukria, Polyb. v. 94; Paus. ix. 31. § 6: Eth. Molukrios,
more rarely Molukrieus, Molukraios, fem. Molukrissa, Molukrias), a town of Aetolia,
situated near the sea-coast, and at a short distance from the promontory Antirrhium,
which was hence called Rhion to Molukrikon (Thuc. ii. 86), or Molukrion Hpion.
(Strab. viii. p. 336.) Some writers call it a Locrian town. It is said by Strabo
to have been built after the return of the Heracleidae into Peloponnesus. It was
colonised by the Corinthians, but was subject to the Athenians in the early part
of the Peloponnesian War. It was taken by the Spartan commander Eurylochus, with
the assistance of the Aetolians, B.C. 426. It was considered sacred to Poseidon.
(Strab. x. pp. 451, 460; Scyl. p. 14; Thuc. ii. 84, iii. 102 ; Diod. xii. 60;
Polyb., Pans., ll. cc.; Plin. iv. 2. s. 3; Ptol. iii. 15. § 3; Steph. Byz. s.
v.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
NAFPAKTOS (Ancient city) ETOLOAKARNANIA
Naupaktos: Eth. Naupaktios (Epakto by the Greek peasants, Lepanto
by the Italians). An important town of the Locri Ozolae, and the best harbour
on the northern coast of the Corinthian gulf, was situated just within the entrance
of this gulf, a little east of the promontory Antirrhium. It is said to have derived
its name from the Heracleidae having here built the fleet with which they crossed
over to Peloponnesus. (Strab. ix. p. 426; Paus. x. 38. § 10; Apollod. ii. 8. §
2.) Though Naupactus was indebted for its historical importance to its harbour
at the entrance of the Corinthian gulf, it was probably originally chosen as a
site for a city on account of its strong hill, fertile plains, and copious supply
of running water. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 608.) After the Persian
wars it fell into the power of the Athenians, who settled there the Messenians,
who had been compelled to leave their country at the end of the Third
Messenian War, B.C. 455 ; and during the Peloponnesian War it was the head-quarters
of the Athenians in all their operations in Western Greece. (Paus. iv. 24. § 7;
Thuc. i. 103, ii. 83, seq.) After the battle of Aegospotami the Messenians were
expelled from Naupactus, and the Locrians regained possession of the town. (Paus.
x. 38. § 10.) It afterwards passed into the hands of the Achaeans, from whom,
however, it was wrested by Epaminondas. (Diod. xv. 75.) Philip gave it to the
Aetolians (Strab. ix. p. 427; Dem. Phil. iii. p. 120), and hence it is frequently
called a town of Aetolia. (Scylax, p. 14; Mela, ii. 3 ; Plin. iv. 2. s. 3.) The
Aetolians vigorously defended Naupactus against the Romans for two months in B.C.
191. (Liv. xxxvi. 30, seq.; Polyb. v. 103.) Ptolemy (iii. 15. § 3) calls it a
town of the Locri Ozolae, to whom it must therefore have been assigned by the
Romans after Pliny's time.
Pausanias saw at Naupactus a temple of Poseidon near the sea, a temple
of Artemis, a cave sacred to Aphrodite, and the ruins of a temple of Asclepius
(x. 38. §§ 12, 13). Naupactus is mentioned by Hierocles; but it was destroyed
by an earth-quake in the reign of Justinian. (Procop. B. Goth. iv. 25.) The situation
and present appearance of the town are thus described by Leake: - The fortress
and town occupy the south-eastern and southern sides of a hill, which is one of
the roots of Mount Rigasni, and reaches down to the sea. The place is fortified
in the manner which was common among the ancients in positions similar to that
of Epakto,--that is to say, it occupies a triangular slope with a citadel at the
apex, and one or more cross walls on the slope, dividing it into subordinate enclosures.
At Epakto there are no less than five enclosures between the summit and the sea,
with gates of communication from the one to the other, and a side gate on the
west leading out of the fortress from the second enclosure on the descent. It
is not improbable that the modern walls follow exactly the ancient plan of the
fortress, for in many parts they stand upon Hellenic foundations, and even retain
large pieces of the ancient masonry amidst the modern work. The present town occupies
only the lowest enclosure; in the middle of which is the small harbour which made
so great a figure in ancient history: it is now choked with rubbish, and is incapable
of receiving even the larger sort of boats which navigate the gulf. (Northern
Greece, vol. ii. p. 608.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
PYLINI (Ancient city) NAFPAKTOS
Pulene: Eth. Pulenios. An ancient town of Aetolia, between the Achelous and the
Evenus, mentioned in the Homeric catalogue of the Grecian ships, is placed by
Pliny on the Corinthian gulf. It would therefore seem to have existed in later
times; although Strabo says that the Aeolians, having removed Pylene higher up,
changed its name into Proschium. The site of Pylene is uncertain.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Proschium (Proschion: Eth. Proschieus), a town of Aetolia, between the Achelous and the Evenus, is said to have been founded by the Aeolians when they removed from the Homeric Pylene higher up into the country. Proschium also laid claim to high antiquity, since it possessed a shrine said to have been dedicated by Hercules to his cupbearer Cyathus, whom he had unintentionally slain. It is clear, from a narrative of Thucydides, that Proschium lay west of Calydon and Pleuron, and at no great distance from the Achelous. Leake places it on the western part of Mt. Zygos (the ancient Aracynthus), near the monastery of St. George between Anatoliko and Anghelokastro. (Strab. x. p. 451; Athen. x. p. 411, a.; Thuc. iii. 102, 106; Steph. B. s.v.; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. i. p. 119.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
CHALKIS (Ancient city) NAFPAKTOS
A town in Aetolia, at the mouth of the Evenus, situated at the foot of the mountain Chalcis, and hence also called Hypochalcis.
MOLYKRIA (Ancient city) NAFPAKTOS
(Molukreion). A town in the south of Aetolia, at the entrance of the Corinthian Gulf.
NAFPAKTOS (Ancient city) ETOLOAKARNANIA
(Naupaktos). The modern Lepanto; an ancient town of the Locri
Ozolae, near the promontory Antirrhium, possessing the best harbor on the northern
coast of the Corinthian Gulf. It is said to have derived its name from the Heraclidae
having here built the fleet with which they crossed over to the Peloponnesus (from
naus + pegnumi). After the Persian Wars it fell into the power of the Athenians,
who settled here the Messenians who had been compelled to leave their country
at the end of the Third Messenian War, B.C. 455. During the Peloponnesian War
it was the military base of the Athenians in their operations against Western
Greece. In later times, Philip of Macedon assigned it to Aetolia, and the Romans
to Locris.
This text is cited Oct 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
PYLINI (Ancient city) NAFPAKTOS
(Pulene). An ancient town of Aetolia near the coast, mentioned by Homer. The Aeolians who took Pylene afterwards removed higher up into the country and founded Proschium.
NAFPAKTOS (Municipality) ETOLOAKARNANIA
NAFPAKTOS (Municipality) ETOLOAKARNANIA
The horizon of the gulf is hemmed in by a chain of peaks that lead
into the seemingly endless range of the Roumeli mountains. Before heading towards
the better-known mountains of Aitolia
and Akarnania, it is worth pausing to explore the labyrinth of peaks and mountain
valleys of Nafpactia, an area known as Kravvara. Here, sharp peaks rise dramatically
above sheer slopes and the visitor will be amazed to find endless rows of cultivated
terraces in this inhospitable terrain. This labour of thousands of people over
the centuries has not only allowed them to survive in a barren environment, but
has enriched the natural variety of plant and wild life in the area. In the region
of Ano Hora,
a traditional village in east Kravvara, a network of paths has been recently restored
and marked that connects it with Kato
Hora, Aghio
Dimitrio and Krioneria,
Podo, and Ambelakiotissa.
This text is cited December 2004 from the West Greece Region General Secretariat URL below, which contains images.
NAFPAKTOS (Town) ETOLOAKARNANIA
Nafpaktos is a small historical and picturesque town with good clean
beaches.
The old town situated in the Walls has kept its own style, its old
face. Your look meets everywhere the beauty, the harmony, the serenity. You can
easily discover small or big traditional particularities even among the cement
and the antennas of modern buildings.
First of all you must see the well preserved Venetian castle at the
top of the hill, which is one of the most beautiful in Greece. The castle proudly
looks down upon the city and the bay
of Patras.
The graphic small church of Prophet Ilias can be found here in an
area of woods.
In the castle, the remains of a Turkish mosque and Turkish baths have
been conserved. Next to it there is Tzavela’s House.
Close to the harbour, there is also Botsaris’ s house. The harbour
is surrounded by Venetian towers and ramparts.
You should also see the Monastery of Agios Ioannis Prodromos, with
its frescos. It is at a distance of 10 km. north of Nafpaktos.
Finally, see the Papacharalambio library and the Farmakis collection
with heirlooms from the Greek War of Independence of 1821.
Beaches
The area of Nafpaktos has many worthwhile beaches.
Some of these are Psani
and Grimbovo, where the plane
trees are growing right up to where the sea begins, Monastiraki, which is at a
distance of 12 km. east of Nafpaktos, and Platinitis, at a distance of 7 km. southwest
of Nafpaktos.
Local Events
Each summer, the "Papacharalambia" celebration is held.
It includes athletic and artistic events. Greek and other foreign groups participate
in drama performances that are held in the castle. The religious festival of Agia
Paraskevi is celebrated on the 26th of July.
Climate
Its climate is considered one of the best of the country. It is mild
with a soft winter and a cool summer. It’s got increased rainfalls, short periods
of summer aridity and a great sunlight. The middle temperature of the place is
18 degrees.
This text is cited December 2004 from the West Greece Region General Secretariat URL below, which contains images.
APODOTI (Ancient tribe) NAFPAKTOS
NAFPAKTOS (Ancient city) ETOLOAKARNANIA
Total results on 4/5/2001: 195 for Naupactus, 23 for Naupaktos.
NAFPAKTOS (Town) ETOLOAKARNANIA
Italian name for Naupactos (Naupactus) a titular metropolitan see
of ancient Epirus. The name
Naupactus (dockyard) is said to have originated in the traditional building of
a fleet there by Heraclidae. The site must have been chosen because of the strong
position of the hill, the fertile plains of the neighbourhood, and the many streams.
Situated on the coast of Loeris, it originally belonged to the Locri
Ozolae but was subsequently taken by the Athenians, who in 455 B.C., after
the Third Messenian War, established there the Messenian helots, the bitter enemies
of Sparta. After the battle
of Aegospotami (404 B.C.),
the Spartans captured Naupactus, drove out the Messenians, and restored the town
to the Locri Ozolae. Subsequently,
it passed in turn to the Achaeans, the Thesbians, and to Philip Macedon, who gave
it to the Aetolians.
For two months Naupactus fiercely resisted the Romans, who under M.
Acilius Glabrio finally (191 B.C.) captured the town. Pausanias saw there near
the sea a temple of Poseidon, another of Artemis, a cave dedicated to Aphrodite,
and ruins of a temple of Aesculapius. During Justinian's reign Naupactus was almost
entirely destroyed by an earthquake.
The metropolitan See of Naupactus depended on the pope, as Western
Patriarch, until 733, when Leo III the Isaurian annexed it to the Patriarchate
of Constantinople. Annexed
to the Greek Orthodox Church in 1827, the see was suppressed in 1900, and replaced
by the See of Acarnania and
Naupactia, whose seat is at
Missolonghi; the limits of
this diocese are identical to those of the name Aetolia
and Acarnania. Occupied by
the Turks in 1498, Lepanto is chiefly celebrated for the victory which the combined
papal, Spanish, Venetian, and Genoese fleets, under Don John of Austria,
gained over the Turkish fleet on 7 Oct., 1571. Though this victory did not accomplish
all that was hoped for, it was of great importance as being the first great defeat
of the infidels on the sea.
Held by the Venetians from 1687 to 1689, and thence by the Turks until
1827, it became in the latter year part of the new Greek realm.
S. Vailhe, ed.
Transcribed by: John Francis Mary Freeman
This extract is cited June 2003 from The Catholic Encyclopedia, New Advent online edition URL below.
MOLYKRIA (Ancient city) NAFPAKTOS
An ancient acropolis NW of Naupaktos at the summit of a hill (510
m) between the towns of Haghios Georgios and Velvina.
The long, narrow acropolis, oriented N-S, was uncovered in 1924. It
is surrounded by a continuous wall without corners or towers, built of massive
blocks, roughly fitted into an irregular isodomic masonry, and preserved from
the foundations to a height of 1.50 m. The area inside the wall, approached along
the even N and S slopes of the hill, forms two levels. On the lower one to the
N have been uncovered the more siguificant remains of the acropolis: a temple,
with a stoa to the N of it. The temple, oriented NW-SE, was erected on a three-stepped
krepidoma resting on the euthynteria (0.295 m high) which is for the most part
visible. The krepidoma (31.45 x 14.37 m) was found virtually intact. It was carefully
worked and shows drafting on the vertical joints of the blocks, and also a double
block system in the stylobate arranged so that each column rests on every second
block, and on the middle of the block rather than on the joint. Owing to these
two features and the number of the columns in the peristyle (6 x 13), the temple
is dated to the 4th c. B.C. or a little later. From the superstructure were found
only a half column drum and a corner triglyph. A careful examination of the foundations
revealed the plan of the temple, which was peristyle and distyle in antis with
a pronaos and opisthodomos (3.25 m deep) and with an inner colonnade along the
walls of the cella. It was noted that in the foundations poros architectural fragments
from an earlier building were used, perhaps from a preexistent temple. Poorly
built foundations of unknown purpose were found along the front of the temple.
The foundations (38.80 x 11.40 m) of a double stoa were found parallel to the
axis of the temple and to the N of it. Here were found bases supporting square
pillars. The thinness of the walls and their poor construction are, according
to the excavator, evidence of the temporary character of the building, which may
have been a workshop.
On the upper level of the hill were found the irregularly constructed
foundations (11 x 16 m) of a rectangular building, surrounding another rectangle.
Here was also found a cubical stone foundation (altar?) to the N of which was
uncovered a third building. All of these are of unknown purpose.
Outside the walls there are remains of buildings and tombs visible
on the N side of the acropolis as well as a large circular cistern built of large
blocks to the S, which possibly belonged to a habitation situated near there.
The acropolis is actually identified by the most reliable scholars
with ancient Molykreion (or Molykreia), a city of Lokris mentioned by numerous
ancient writers (Thuc. 2.84.4; Strab. 9.4.8, 10.2.4; Paus. 9.31.6; Polyb. 5.94.7-8;
Ptol. 3.15.3; Skylax 38.35; Plut., Mor. Conv. Sept. Sap. 162f) in the area of
modern Antirrhion. This city, which goes back to the 8th c. B.C., was under Corinthian
control until the 5th c., but was taken by the Spartans and Aitolians at the beginning
of the Peloponnesian War, and was thereafter under Aitolian government. Three
mutilated inscriptions were found, of which one, restored, refers to Athena, but
this fact does not prove that she was worshiped in the temple, since there is
mention of a Temple of Poseidon to which Hesiod's murderer fled. Absence of inscriptional
evidence for the name of the city has led investigators to a number of different
theories. Some would place the city Molykreia on the promontory of Antirrhion,
and others on the hill where are the remains described above. According to the
second hypothesis, the city that is visible above the springs at the shore by
Antirrhion would be a harbor of the same name for the inland city, or finally,
the name Molykreia (or Molykreion) would refer not only to the city but to the
whole area, as would appear in the occasional epithet of Molykreian (sometimes
Aitolian) applied to Rhion, in contrast to the Achaian Rhion across the way, as
epithets characteristically desiguate the area rather than a particular city (cf.
also Rhion of Messenia).
M. Gavrili, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
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