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NAFPAKTOS (Ancient city) ETOLOAKARNANIA
Naupaktos: Eth. Naupaktios (Epakto by the Greek peasants, Lepanto
by the Italians). An important town of the Locri Ozolae, and the best harbour
on the northern coast of the Corinthian gulf, was situated just within the entrance
of this gulf, a little east of the promontory Antirrhium. It is said to have derived
its name from the Heracleidae having here built the fleet with which they crossed
over to Peloponnesus. (Strab. ix. p. 426; Paus. x. 38. § 10; Apollod. ii. 8. §
2.) Though Naupactus was indebted for its historical importance to its harbour
at the entrance of the Corinthian gulf, it was probably originally chosen as a
site for a city on account of its strong hill, fertile plains, and copious supply
of running water. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 608.) After the Persian
wars it fell into the power of the Athenians, who settled there the Messenians,
who had been compelled to leave their country at the end of the Third
Messenian War, B.C. 455 ; and during the Peloponnesian War it was the head-quarters
of the Athenians in all their operations in Western Greece. (Paus. iv. 24. § 7;
Thuc. i. 103, ii. 83, seq.) After the battle of Aegospotami the Messenians were
expelled from Naupactus, and the Locrians regained possession of the town. (Paus.
x. 38. § 10.) It afterwards passed into the hands of the Achaeans, from whom,
however, it was wrested by Epaminondas. (Diod. xv. 75.) Philip gave it to the
Aetolians (Strab. ix. p. 427; Dem. Phil. iii. p. 120), and hence it is frequently
called a town of Aetolia. (Scylax, p. 14; Mela, ii. 3 ; Plin. iv. 2. s. 3.) The
Aetolians vigorously defended Naupactus against the Romans for two months in B.C.
191. (Liv. xxxvi. 30, seq.; Polyb. v. 103.) Ptolemy (iii. 15. § 3) calls it a
town of the Locri Ozolae, to whom it must therefore have been assigned by the
Romans after Pliny's time.
Pausanias saw at Naupactus a temple of Poseidon near the sea, a temple
of Artemis, a cave sacred to Aphrodite, and the ruins of a temple of Asclepius
(x. 38. §§ 12, 13). Naupactus is mentioned by Hierocles; but it was destroyed
by an earth-quake in the reign of Justinian. (Procop. B. Goth. iv. 25.) The situation
and present appearance of the town are thus described by Leake: - The fortress
and town occupy the south-eastern and southern sides of a hill, which is one of
the roots of Mount Rigasni, and reaches down to the sea. The place is fortified
in the manner which was common among the ancients in positions similar to that
of Epakto,--that is to say, it occupies a triangular slope with a citadel at the
apex, and one or more cross walls on the slope, dividing it into subordinate enclosures.
At Epakto there are no less than five enclosures between the summit and the sea,
with gates of communication from the one to the other, and a side gate on the
west leading out of the fortress from the second enclosure on the descent. It
is not improbable that the modern walls follow exactly the ancient plan of the
fortress, for in many parts they stand upon Hellenic foundations, and even retain
large pieces of the ancient masonry amidst the modern work. The present town occupies
only the lowest enclosure; in the middle of which is the small harbour which made
so great a figure in ancient history: it is now choked with rubbish, and is incapable
of receiving even the larger sort of boats which navigate the gulf. (Northern
Greece, vol. ii. p. 608.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
(Naupaktos). The modern Lepanto; an ancient town of the Locri Ozolae, near the promontory Antirrhium, possessing the best harbor on the northern coast of the Corinthian Gulf. It is said to have derived its name from the Heraclidae having here built the fleet with which they crossed over to the Peloponnesus (from naus + pegnumi). After the Persian Wars it fell into the power of the Athenians, who settled here the Messenians who had been compelled to leave their country at the end of the Third Messenian War, B.C. 455. During the Peloponnesian War it was the military base of the Athenians in their operations against Western Greece. In later times, Philip of Macedon assigned it to Aetolia, and the Romans to Locris.
This text is cited Oct 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
NAFPAKTOS (Town) ETOLOAKARNANIA
Nafpaktos is a small historical and picturesque town with good clean
beaches.
The old town situated in the Walls has kept its own style, its old
face. Your look meets everywhere the beauty, the harmony, the serenity. You can
easily discover small or big traditional particularities even among the cement
and the antennas of modern buildings.
First of all you must see the well preserved Venetian castle at the
top of the hill, which is one of the most beautiful in Greece. The castle proudly
looks down upon the city and the bay
of Patras.
The graphic small church of Prophet Ilias can be found here in an
area of woods.
In the castle, the remains of a Turkish mosque and Turkish baths have
been conserved. Next to it there is Tzavela’s House.
Close to the harbour, there is also Botsaris’ s house. The harbour
is surrounded by Venetian towers and ramparts.
You should also see the Monastery of Agios Ioannis Prodromos, with
its frescos. It is at a distance of 10 km. north of Nafpaktos.
Finally, see the Papacharalambio library and the Farmakis collection
with heirlooms from the Greek War of Independence of 1821.
Beaches
The area of Nafpaktos has many worthwhile beaches.
Some of these are Psani
and Grimbovo, where the plane
trees are growing right up to where the sea begins, Monastiraki, which is at a
distance of 12 km. east of Nafpaktos, and Platinitis, at a distance of 7 km. southwest
of Nafpaktos.
Local Events
Each summer, the "Papacharalambia" celebration is held.
It includes athletic and artistic events. Greek and other foreign groups participate
in drama performances that are held in the castle. The religious festival of Agia
Paraskevi is celebrated on the 26th of July.
Climate
Its climate is considered one of the best of the country. It is mild
with a soft winter and a cool summer. It’s got increased rainfalls, short periods
of summer aridity and a great sunlight. The middle temperature of the place is
18 degrees.
This text is cited December 2004 from the West Greece Region General Secretariat URL below, which contains images.
NAFPAKTOS (Ancient city) ETOLOAKARNANIA
Total results on 4/5/2001: 195 for Naupactus, 23 for Naupaktos.
NAFPAKTOS (Town) ETOLOAKARNANIA
Italian name for Naupactos (Naupactus) a titular metropolitan see
of ancient Epirus. The name
Naupactus (dockyard) is said to have originated in the traditional building of
a fleet there by Heraclidae. The site must have been chosen because of the strong
position of the hill, the fertile plains of the neighbourhood, and the many streams.
Situated on the coast of Loeris, it originally belonged to the Locri
Ozolae but was subsequently taken by the Athenians, who in 455 B.C., after
the Third Messenian War, established there the Messenian helots, the bitter enemies
of Sparta. After the battle
of Aegospotami (404 B.C.),
the Spartans captured Naupactus, drove out the Messenians, and restored the town
to the Locri Ozolae. Subsequently,
it passed in turn to the Achaeans, the Thesbians, and to Philip Macedon, who gave
it to the Aetolians.
For two months Naupactus fiercely resisted the Romans, who under M.
Acilius Glabrio finally (191 B.C.) captured the town. Pausanias saw there near
the sea a temple of Poseidon, another of Artemis, a cave dedicated to Aphrodite,
and ruins of a temple of Aesculapius. During Justinian's reign Naupactus was almost
entirely destroyed by an earthquake.
The metropolitan See of Naupactus depended on the pope, as Western
Patriarch, until 733, when Leo III the Isaurian annexed it to the Patriarchate
of Constantinople. Annexed
to the Greek Orthodox Church in 1827, the see was suppressed in 1900, and replaced
by the See of Acarnania and
Naupactia, whose seat is at
Missolonghi; the limits of
this diocese are identical to those of the name Aetolia
and Acarnania. Occupied by
the Turks in 1498, Lepanto is chiefly celebrated for the victory which the combined
papal, Spanish, Venetian, and Genoese fleets, under Don John of Austria,
gained over the Turkish fleet on 7 Oct., 1571. Though this victory did not accomplish
all that was hoped for, it was of great importance as being the first great defeat
of the infidels on the sea.
Held by the Venetians from 1687 to 1689, and thence by the Turks until
1827, it became in the latter year part of the new Greek realm.
S. Vailhe, ed.
Transcribed by: John Francis Mary Freeman
This extract is cited June 2003 from The Catholic Encyclopedia, New Advent online edition URL below.
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