Listed 17 sub titles with search on: Information about the place for wider area of: "AFYON Province TURKEY" .
KELENES (Ancient city) TURKEY
Celaenae, a city of Phrygia. Strabo says
that the Maeander rises in a hill Celaenae, on which there was a city of the same
name as the hill, the inhabitants of which were removed to Apameia. Hamilton,
who visited the source (Researches, &c. vol. i. p. 499), says that at the base
of a rocky cliff a considerable stream of water gushes out with great rapidity.
This source of the Marsyas, and the cliff above it, may have been within the city
of Celaenae; but it did not appear to Hamilton that this cliff could be the acropolis
of Celaenae which Alexander considered to be impregnable (Arrian. Anab. i. 29;
Curt. iii. 1), and came to terms with the inhabitants. He supposes that the acropolis
may have been further to the NE., a lofty hill about a mile from the ravine of
the Marsyas (vol. ii. p. 366).
Herodotus speaks of Celaenae in describing the march of Xerxes to
Sardis (B.C. 481). He says (vii. 26) that the sources of the Maeander are here,
and those of a stream not less than the Maeander: it is named Catarrhactes, and,
rising in the Agora of Celaenae, flows into the Maeander. Xenophon, in describing
the march of Cyrus (Anab. i. 2. § 7), says that Cyrus had a palace at Celaenae,
and a large park, full of wild animals; the Maeander flowed through the park,
and also through the city, its source being in the palace. There was also a palace
of the Persian king at Celaenae, a strong place at the source of the Marsyas,
under the acropolis; and the Marsyas also flows through the city, and joins the
Maeander. The sources of the Marsyas were in a cave, and the width of the river
was 25 feet; within Celaenae perhaps he means. The Catarrhactes of Herodotus is
clearly the Marsyas of Xenophon, and the stream which Hamilton describes, who
adds, it appeared as if it had formerly risen in the centre of a great cavern,
and that the surrounding rocks had fallen in from the cliffs above. The descriptions
of Herodotus and Xenophon, though not the same, are perhaps not inconsistent.
The town, palaces, acropolis, and parks of Celaenae must have occupied a large
surface. In Livy's description (xxxviii. 13), the Maeander rises in the acropolis
of Celaenae, and runs through the middle of the city; and the Marsyas, which rises
not far from the sources of the Maeander, joins the Maeander. When the people
of Celaenae were removed to the neighboring site of Apameia Cibotus, they probably
took the materials of the old town with them. Strabo's description of the position
of Apameia is not free from difficulty. Leake thinks that it clearly appears from
Strabo that both the rivers (Marsyas and Maeander) ran through Celaenae, and that
they united in the suburb, which afterwards became the new city Apameia. It is
certain that Celaenae was near Apameia, the site of which is well fixed.
It was an unlucky guess of Strabo, and a bad piece of etymology, to
suggest that Celaenae night take its name from the dark colour of the rocks, in
consequence of their being burnt. But Hamilton observed that all the rocks are,
without exception, of a greyish white or cream-coloured limestone. The rock which
overhangs the sources of the Marsyas contains many nummulites, and broken fragments
of other bivalve shells.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
POLYVOTOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Polybotus (Polubotos), a place in the west of Phrygia Major, a little
to the south-east of Synnada, is mentioned only by Hierocles (p. 677) and a few
Byzantine writers (Procop. Hist. Arc. 18; Anna Comnen. p. 324; Concil. Nicaen.
ii. p. 358), who, however, do not give the name correctly, but call it Polybatus
or Polygotus. Col. Leake (Asia Min. p. 53) identifies the site of Polybotus with
the modern Bulwudun, which he regards as only a Turkish corruption of the ancient
name.
SYNNADA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Synnada (Sunnada: Eth. Sunadeus), a town of Phrygia Salutaris, at
the extremity of a plain about 60 stadia in length, and covered with olive plantations.
It is first noticed during the march of the consul Manlius against the Gallograeci
(Liv. xxxviii. 15, xlv. 34); and Cicero (ad Att. v. 20; comp. ad Fam. iii. 8.
xv. 4) mentions that he passed through Synnada on his way from Ephesus to Cilicia.
In Strabo's time (xii. p. 577) it was still a small town, but when Pliny wrote
(v. 29) it was an important place, being the conventus juridicus for the whole
of the surrounding country. It was very celebrated among the Romans for a beautiful
kind of marble furnished by the neighbouring quarries, and which was commonly
called Synnadic marble, though it came properly from a place in the neighbourhood,
Docimia, whence it was more correctly called Docimites lapis. This marble was
of a light colour, interspersed with purple spots and veins. (Strab. l. c.; Plin.
xxxv. 1; Stat. Silv. i. 5. 36; Comp. Steph. B. s. v.; Ptol. v. 2. § 24; Martial,
ix. 76; Symmach. ii. 246.) There still are appearances of extensive quarries between
Kosru-Khan and Bulwudun, which Col. Leake (Asia Minor, p. 36) is inclined to identify
with those of Synnada or Docimia. Remains of the town of Synnada still exist under
the name Eski-kara-hissar about 3 miles to the north-west of these quarries, where
they were discovered by Texier. Earlier travellers imagined they had found them
at Surmina or Surmeneh, or in the plain of Sandakleh. (Comp. Hamilton, Researches,
i. p. 466, ii. 177; Journal of the R. Geogr. Society, vii. p. 58, viii. p. 144;
Eckhel, Doctr. Num. iii. p. 172; Sestini, Num. Vet. p. 127.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited September 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
APAMIA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Apamea Cibotus (Kibotos), or ad Maeandrum, a great city of Phrygia
on the Maeander, just above its union with the Marsyae. It was built by Antiochus
Soter in honour of his mother Apama. The name Kibotos ("chest,""coffer"),
which appears on some coins of Apamea, is explained generally with reference to
the wealth of the city; but certain curious coincidences have been found which
some scholars have used in connection with the traditions of the Deluge. The Septuagint
and the New Testament speak of the Ark as kibotos; and the coins and medals of
Apamea show the figure of an ark with two birds above it, one holding a twig.
A man and woman stand beside it, and above it is the inscription NOO (NO).
This extract is cited Oct 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
SYNNADA (Ancient city) TURKEY
(ta Sunnada), also Synnas. A city in the north of Phrygia Salutaris, at first inconsiderable, but afterwards a place of much importance, and from the time of Constantine the capital of Phrygia Salutaris.
KIDYESSOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
ILYAS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Site in Pisidia, whose ancient name is unknown, directly across the
lake from Burdur. The city stood on two hills with stretches of rough wall at
the foot. The ancient road from the NE is spanned by a triple-arched gateway in
poor condition, and at one point are the ruins of a small temple. The numerous
inscriptions and cut blocks are of unusually good quality for this region; mention
of Council and People is proof of city status, but no clue to the name has yet
appeared. A milestone (not in situ), showing one mile, indicates that the city
at Ilyas was the caput of a road, perhaps a short branch joining the main road
on the other side of the lake. In view of the quality of the ruins their anonymity
is surprising.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
KELENES (Ancient city) TURKEY
Founded at the junction of the roads that still join Ionia to the
East, and Phrygia to Pamphylia, as in antiquity. In 333 B.C. Alexander the Great
marched to Kelainai on his expedition through Asia Minor and left there as satrap
of Phrygia one of his best generals, Antigonos. This was the opening move in the
maneuver for succession that culminated in 301 in the events that led to the battle
of Ipsos (Paus. 1.8.1; Diod. 20.107.2-4), in which Seleukos I was victorious.
His son Antiochos Soter (324-261 B.C.) moved Kelainai to the plain, rebuilt it,
and named it after his mother. The meeting place of the conventus iuridicus in
the Roman period, the city later became a bishopric. There are no remains in situ
except the old and new city walls. Fragments of columns and architraves, as well
as some inscriptions can, however, be seen in some gardens of the town.
C. Bayburtluoglu, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
LYSINIA (Ancient city) PISSIDIA
City in Pisidia, near Karakent on the W shore of the lake of Burdur.
It is first mentioned as one of the places passed by Manlius on his march through
Asia Minor in 189 B.C. (Polyb. 21.36; Livy 38.15); it surrendered to him voluntarily.
Polybios and Livy give the name as Lysinoe; Ptolemy has Lysinia, Hierokles the
corrupt form Lysenara. The coins and inscriptions confirm the form Lysinia. The
site is identified by a statue base of Hadrian still in situ, erected by the Council
and People.
The ruins are on a rocky hill directly above the lake. Numerous short
stretches of terrace wall are to be seen, but the city was not apparently defended
by a fortification wall. On the summit are two platforms, artificially leveled.
The S slope and foot of the hill are covered with sherds of Roman date and loose
building blocks; outlines of buildings are discernible, and several rock-cut sarcophagi,
but nothing but the statue base is standing. Other ancient stones are in the village
of Karakent, including a milestone of Constantine showing three miles, and a handsome
phallos stone.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
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