Listed 6 sub titles with search on: Information about the place for wider area of: "TRABZON Town TURKEY" .
Trapezus (Trapezous: Eth. Trapezountios: now Tarabosan or Trebizond), an important city on the coast of Pontus, on the slope of a hill, 60 stadia to the east of Hermonassa, in the territory of the Macrones (Anon. Peripl. P. E. p. 13), was a colony founded by the Sinopians, who formed many establishments on this coast. (Xenoph. Anab. iv. 8. § 22; Arrian, Peripl. P. E. pp. 1, 3, 6; Scylax, p. 33.) It derived its name probably from its form, being situated on an elevated platform, as it were a table above the sea; though the town of Trapezus in Arcadia pretended to be the mother-city of Trapezus in Pontus (Paus. viii. 27. § 4). Trapezus was already a flourishing town when Xenophon arrived there on his memorable retreat; and he and his men were most hospitably treated by the Trapezuntians. (Xen. Anab. v. 5. 10) At that time the Colchians were still in possession of the territory, but it afterwards was occupied by the Macrones. The real greatness of Trapezus, however, seems to have commenced under the dominion of the Romans. Pliny (vi. 4) calls it a free city, a distinction which it had probably obtained front Pompey during his war against Mithridates. In the reign of Hadrian, when Arrian visited it, it was the most important city on the south coast of the Euxine, and Trajan had before made it the capital of Pontus Cappadocicus, and provided it with a larger and better harbour. (Arrian, Peripl. P. E. p. 17; comp. Tac. Ann. xiii. 39, Hist. iii. 47; Pomp. Mela, i. 19; Strab. vii. pp. 309, 320, xi. p. 499, xii. p. 548; Steph. B. s. v.) Henceforth it was a strongly fortified commercial town; and although in the reign of Gallienus it was sacked and burnt by the Goths (Zosim. i. 33; Eustath. ad Dion. Per. 687), it continued to be in such excellent condition, that in the reign of Justinian it required but few repairs. (Procop. de Aed. iii. 7.) From the Notitia Imperil (c. 27) we learn that Trapezus was the station of the first Pontian legion and its staff. Some centuries later a branch of the imperial house of the Comneni declared themselves independent of the Greek Empire, and made Trapezus the seat of their principality. This small principality maintained its independence even for some time after the fall of Constantinople; but being too weak to resist the overwhelming power of the Turks, it was obliged, in A.D. 1460, to submit to Mohammed II., and has ever since that time been a Turkish town. (Chalcond. ix. p. 263, foll.; Due. 45; comp. Gibbon, Decline, c. xlviii. foll.) The port of Trapezus, called Daphnus, was formed by the acropolis, which was built on a rock running out into the sea. (Anon. Peripl. P. E. p. 13.) The city of Trebizond is still one of the most flourishing commercial cities of Asia Minor, but it contains no ancient remains of any interest, as most of them belong to the period of the Lower Empire. (Tournefort, Voyage au Levant, iii., lettre 17, p. 79, foll; Fontanier, Voyages dans l'Orient, p. 17--23; Hamilton's Researches, i. p. 240.) The coins of Trapezus all belong to the imperial period, and extend from the reign of Trajan to that of Philip. (Eckhel, i. 2. p. 358; Sestini, p. 60.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited September 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Now Tarabosan, Trabezun, or Trebizond; a colony of Sinope, at almost the extreme east of the northern shore of Asia Minor. The city derived its name either from the table-like plateau on which it was built, or because emigrants from the Arcadian Trapezus took some part in its settlement. The former is the more likely statement, since there is no reason why the main body of colonists from Sinope should have given it the name of another town. After Sinope lost its independence, Trapezus belonged, first to Armenia Minor, and afterwards to the kingdom of Pontus. Under the Romans, it was made a free city, probably by Pompey, and, by Trajan, the capital of Pontus Cappadocius. Hadrian constructed a new harbour; and the city became a place of first-rate commercial importance. It was also strongly fortified. It was taken by the Goths in the reign of Valerian; but it had recovered, and was in a flourishing state at the time of Justinian, who repaired its fortifications. In the Middle Ages it was for some time the seat of a fragment of the Greek Empire, called the Empire of Trebizond.
This text is cited Oct 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
On the S coast of the Black Sea (Pontos Euxeinos), it was the N terminus
of a trade route leading over the Zigana Pass from Armenia and the Euphrates,
and the first Greek city to be reached by the Ten Thousand in 400 B.C. (Xen. Anab.
5.5.10). The foundation date given by Eusebius, 756-755 B.C., may refer to an
early emporium in Colchian territory; if so, this was subsequently refounded (after
630 B.C.?) by Sinope, to whom Trapezous paid annual tribute. The city was added
to the Pontic kingdom by Mithridates VI Eupator, and under Polemon II, if not
before, it became the depot of the royal fleet. When the kingdom was annexed to
Galatia as Pontus Polemonianus (A.D. 64-65), Polemon's fleet became the nucleus
of the Roman classis Pontica, and Trapezous assumed increasing importance as a
supply port for the Euphrates frontier. It was, nevertheless, still a harborless
roadstead when visited by Hadrian (ca. A.D. 131), and it was described by Arrian
at that period as culturally backward (Perip.P.E. 1.2 Roos). A harbor was built
by Hadrian. The city was sacked by the Goths ca. A.D. 257 and was slow to recover.
Legio I Pontica was based there in the Late Empire. The Byzantine period saw the
old trade route regain importance, and in the 8th- 10th c. Trapezous was a major
commercial center. The Empire of Trebizond, established 1204, fell to the Turks
in 1461.
The walled city, on a coastal ridge at the foot of the Pontic mountains
(Paryadres Mons), is cut off on E and W by two parallel steep-sided ravines. Some
sectors of the walls rest on Hellenistic masonry, but most of the fabric is Byzantine.
Below the citadel two moles of large undressed blocks are the only traces of Hadrian's
harbor. In a suburb E of the citadel and S of the modern harbor the Church of
Panaghia Theoskepastos occupies the site of a probable mithraeum.
D. R. Wilson, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
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