Listed 89 sub titles with search on: Various locations for wider area of: "AEGEAN COAST Region TURKEY" .
PITANI (Ancient city) TURKEY
In Pitane there is also a place on the sea called "Atameus below Pitane," opposite the island called Eleussa (Strab. 13,1,67).
In Pitane there is also a place on the sea called Atameus below Pitane, opposite the island called Eleussa (Strab. 13.1.67).
TELMISSOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Lagusa (Lagousa), one of a group of small islands in the bay of Telmissus
in Lycia, 5 stadia from Telmissus, and 80 from Cissidae. (Plin. v. 35 ; Steph.
B. s. v.; Stadiasm. Mar. Mag. § 226, foll.) This island is generally considered
to be the same as the modern Panagia di Cordialissa.
ACHARAKA (Ancient city) TURKEY
On the road between the Tralleians and Nysa is a village of the Nysaeans, not far from the city Acharaca, where is the Plutonium, with a costly sacred precinct and a shrine of Pluto and Core, and also the Charonium, a cave that lies above the sacred precinct, by nature wonderful; for they say that those who are diseased and give heed to the cures prescribed by these gods resort thither and live in the village near the cave among experienced priests, who on their behalf sleep in the cave and through dreams prescribe the cures. These are also the men who invoke the healing power of the gods. And they often bring the sick into the cave and leave them there, to remain in quiet, like animals in their lurking-holes, without food for many days. And sometimes the sick give heed also to their own dreams, but still they use those other men, as priests, to initiate them into the mysteries and to counsel them. To all others the place is forbidden and deadly.
A festival is celebrated every year at Acharaca; and at that time in particular those who celebrate the festival can see and hear concerning all these things; and at the festival, too, about noon, the boys and young men of the gymnasium, nude and anointed with oil, take up a bull and with haste carry him up into the cave; and, when let loose, the bull goes forward a short distance, falls, and breathes out his life.
Thirty stadia from Nysa, after one crosses over Mt. Tmolus and the mountain called Mesogis, towards the region to the south of the Mesogis, there is a place called Leimon, whither the Nysaeans and all the people about go to celebrate their festivals. And not far from Leimon is an entrance into the earth sacred to the same gods, which is said to extend down as far as Acharaca. The poet (Homer) is said to name this meadow when he says, ‘On the Asian meadow’; and they point out a hero-temple of Cayster and a certain Asius, and the Cayster River that streams forth near by.
APAMIA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Aulocrenae, a valley ten Roman miles from Apamia (Cibotus) for those
who are going to Phrygia. (Plin. v. 29.) The Marsyas, says Pliny, rises and is
soon hidden in the place where Marsyas contended with Apollo on the pipe in Aulocrenae;
whence, perhaps, the place derives its name from the legend of Apollo and Marsyas,
as it means the fountains of the pipe. Strabo describes the Marsyas and Maeander
as rising, according to report, in one lake above Celaenae, which produces reeds
adapted for making mouth-pieces for pipes; he gives no name to the lake. Pliny
(xvi. 44) says, We have mentioned the tract (regio) Aulocrene, through which a
man passes from Apamia into Phrygia; there a plane tree is shown from which Marsyas
was suspended, after being vanquished by Apollo. But Pliny has not mentioned the
regio Aulocrene before; and the passage to which he refers (v. 29), and which
is here literally rendered, is not quite clear. But he has mentioned, in another
passage (v. 29), a lake on a mountain Aulocrene, in which the Maeander rises.
Hamilton (Researches, &c. vol. i. p. 498) found near Denair (Apameia Cibotus),
a lake nearly two miles in circumference, full of reeds and rushes, which he considers
to be the source of the Maeander, and also to be the lake described by Pliny on
the Mons Aulocrene. But the Aulocrenae he considers to be in the plain of Dombai.
Thus Pliny mentions a regio Aulocrene, a mons Aulocrene, and a valley (convallis)
Aulocrenae.
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AZANITIS (Ancient city) TURKEY
EFESSOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Cenchrius (Kenchrios). A river of Ionia near Ephesus and Mount Solmissus, where the Curetes, according to some, concealed and protected Leto after her delivery, when she was pursued by the power of Here.
Spring near Ephesus.
Caystri Campus (to Kaustrou pedion) is Strabo's name for the plain of the Cayster.
Stephanus (s. v. Kaustrion pedion) assigns it to the Ephesia or territory of Ephesus,
with the absurd remark that the Cayster, from which it takes its name, was so
called from its proximity to the Catacecaumene or Burnt Region. Stephanus adds
the Ethnic name Kaustrianos ; but this belongs properly to the people of some
place, as there are medals with the legend Kaustrianon.
Xenophon, in his march of Cyrus from Sardis (Anab. i. 2. § 11), speaks
of a Kaustrou pedion. Before coming here, Cyrus passed through Celaenae, Peltae,
and Ceramon Agora. The march from Celaenae to Peltae is 10 parasangs; from Peltae
to Ceramon Agora, 12 parasangs; and from Ceramon Agora to the plain of Cayster,
which Xenophon calls an inhabited city, was 30 parasangs. From the plain of Cayster,
Cyrus marched 10 parasangs to Thymbrium, then 10 to Tyraeum, and then 20 to Iconium,
the last city of Phrygia in the direction of his march; for after leaving Iconium,
he entered Cappadocia. Iconium is Koniyeh, a position well known. Celaenae is
also well known, being at Deenair, on the Maeander. Now the march of Cyrus from
Celaenae to Iconium was 92 parasangs, or 2760 stadia, according to Greek computation,
if the numbers are right in the Greek text. Cyrus, therefore, did not march direct
from Celaenae to Iconium. He made a great bend to the north, for the Ceramon Agora
was the nearest town in Phrygia to Mysia. The direct distance from Celaenae to
Iconium is about 125 English miles. The distance by the route of Cyrus was 276
geog. miles, if the Greek value of the parasang is true, as given by Xenophon
and Herodotus; but it may be less.
The supposition that the plain of Cayster is the plain through which
the Cayster flows cannot be admitted; and as Cyrus seems for some reason to have
directed his march northwards from Celaenae till he came near the borders of Mysia,
his route to Iconium would be greatly lengthened. Two recent attempts have been
made to fix the places between Celaenae and Iconium, one by Mr. Hamilton (Researches,
&c., vol. ii. p. 198, &c.), and another by Mr. Ainsworth (Travels in the Track
of the Ten Thousand, &c., p. 24, &c.). The examination of these two explanations
cannot be made here for want of space. But it is impossible to identify with certainty
positions on a line of road where distances only are given, and we find no corresponding
names to guide us. Mr. Hamilton supposes that the Caystri Campus may be near the
village of Chai Kieui, and near the banks of the Eber Ghieul in the extensive
plain between that village and Polybotum. Chai Kieui is in about 38° 40? N. lat.
Mr. Ainsworth places the Caystri Campus further west at a place called Surmeneh,
a high and arid upland, as its ancient name designates, which is traversed by
an insignificant tributary to the Eber Gol, Mr. Hamilton's Eber Ghieul. The neighbourhood
of Surmeneh abounds in ancient remains; but Chai Kieui is an insignificant place,
without ruins. Both Mr. Hamilton and Mr. Ainsworth, however, agree in fixing the
Caystri Campus in the basin of this river, the Eber Ghieul, and so far the conclusion
may be accepted as probable. But the exact site of the place cannot be determined
without further evidence. Cyrus stayed at Caystri Campus five days, and he certainly
would not stay with his troops five days in a high and arid upland. As the plain
was called the Plain of Cayster, we may assume that there was a river Cayster
where Cyrus halted. One of Mr. Ainsworth's objections to Mr. Hamilton's conclusion
is altogether unfounded. He says that the plain which Mr. Hamilton chooses as
the site of the Caystri Campus is an extensive plain, but very marshy, being in
one part occupied by a perpetual and large lake, called Eber Gol, and most unlikely
at any season of the year to present the arid and burnt appearance which could
have led the Greeks to call it Caustron or Caystrus, the burnt or barren plain.
But the word Caystrus could not mean burnt, and Stephanus is guilty of originating
this mistake. It means no more a burnt plain here than it does when applied to
the plain above Ephesus. Both were watery places; one we know to be so; and the
other we may with great probability conclude to be. The medals with the epigraph
KaustriaWoW may belong to this place, and not to a city in the valley of the Lydian
Cayster.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited July 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Myonnesus (Muonnesos or Muonesos), a promontory on the south-west of Lebedus, on the coast of Ionia, at the northern extremity of the bay of Ephesus. It is celebrated in history for the naval victory there gained by the Romans under L. Aemilius over Antiochus the Great, in B.C. 190. (Steph. B. s. v.; Strab. xiv. p. 643; Thucyd. iii. 42; Liv. xxxvii. 27.) Livy describes the promontory as situated between Samos and Teos, and as rising from a broad basis to a pointed summit. There was an approach to it on the land side by a narrow path; while on the sea side it was girt by rocks, so much worn by the waves, that in some parts the over-hanging cliffs extended further into the sea than the ships stationed under them. On this promontory there also was a small town of the name of Myonnesus [p. 387] (Steplh. B., Strab ll. cc.), which belonged to Teos. The rocks of Myonnesus are now called Hypsilibounos.
Pliny (H. N. v. 37) mentions a small island of the name of Myonnesus near Ephesus, which, together with two others, Anthinae and Diarrheusa, formed a group called Pisistrati Insulae.
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After the outlet of the Cayster River comes a lake that runs inland from the sea, called Selinusia; and next comes another lake that is confluent with it, both affording great revenues. Of these revenues, though sacred, the kings deprived the goddess, but the Romans gave them back; and again the tax-gatherers forcibly converted the tolls to their own use; but when Artemidorus was sent on an embassy, as he says, he got the lakes back for the goddess, and he also won the decision over Heracleotis, which was in revolt, his case being decided at Rome; and in return for this the city erected in the temple a golden image of him. In the innermost recess of the lake there is a temple of a king, which is said to have been built by Agamemnon.
Selenusiae (Selenousiai) or Selennuetes, two lakes formed by the sea, north of the mouth of the Caystrus, and not far from the temple of the Ephesian Artemis. These two lakes, which communicated with each other, were extremely rich in fish, and formed part of the revenue of the temple of Artemis, though they were on several occasions wrested from it. (Strab. xiv. p. 642; Plin. v. 31.) The name of the lakes, derived from Selene, the moon-goddess, or Artemis, probably arose from their connection with the great goddess of Ephesus. (Comp. Chandler's Travels in Asia Minor, vol. i. p. 162.)
Phyrites, a small tributary of the Caystrus, having its origin in the western branch of Mount Tmolus, and flowing in a southern direction through the Pegasean marsh (Stagnum Pegaseum), discharges itself into the Caystrus some distance above Ephesus. (Plin. v. 31.)
Pegaseum Stagnum a small lake in the Caystrian plain near Ephesus, from which issues the little river Phyrites, a tributary of the Caystrus. (Plin. v. 31.) The district surrounding the lake is at present an extensive morass. (Comp. Arundell, Seven Churches, p. 23, &c.)
Ortygia, a grove near Ephesus, in which the Ephesians pretended that Apollo and Artemis were born. Hence the Cayster, which flowed near Ephesus, is called Ortygius Cayster.
Coresus (Koressos). A lofty mountain in Ionia, four miles from Ephesus, with a place of the same name at its foot.
Mountain near Ephesus.
Panormus The port of Ephesus formed by the mouth of the Caystrus, near which stood the celebrated temple of the Ephesian Artemis. (Strab. xiv. p. 639; comp. Liv. xxx<*> i. 10, foll., especially 14. 15)
Priapus. An island near Ephesus, Plin. 5, 31, 38, § 137.
Solmissus (Solmissos), a hill near Ephesus, rising above the grove of Leto, where
the Curetes, by the loud noise of their arms, prevented Hera from hearing the
cries of Leto when she gave birth to her twins. (Strab. xiv. p. 640.)
ERYTHRES (Ancient city) TURKEY
District belonging to Erythrae.
After Mt. Corycus one comes to Halonnesos, a small island. Then to Argennum, a promontory of the Erythraean territory; it is very close to the Poseidium of the Chians, which latter forms a strait about sixty stadia in width. Between Erythrae and Hypocremnus lies Mimas, a lofty mountain, which is well supplied with game and well wooded. Then one comes to a village Cybelia, and to a promontory Melaena, as it is called, which has a millstone quarry.
Argennum (Argennon, Arginon, Thucyd. viii. 34), a promontory of the territory
of Erythrae, the nearest point of the mainland to Posidium in Chios, and distant
60 stadia from it. The modern name is said to be called Cap Blanc.
IONIA (Ancient country) TURKEY
An Ionian promontory opposite Samos; Panionium there, flight of Chians thither after Lade, defeat of Persians by Greeks at Mycale, mountain in Ionia.
Perseus Project Index. Total results on 30/5/2001: 85 for Mykale, 125 for Mycale.
Promontory opposite Chios, some of the Greeks sail to, after the sack of Ilium, Alexander attempts to dig through it.
Mimas (ho Mimas), a mountain range in Ionia, traversing the peninsula
of Erythrae from south to north. It still bears its ancient name, under which
it is mentioned in the Odyssey (iii. 172.) It is, properly speaking, only a branch
of Mount Tmolus, and was celebrated in ancient times for its abundance of wood
and game (Strab. xiv. pp. 613, 645.) The neck at the south-western extremity of
the peninsula formed by Mount Mimas, a little to the north of Teos, is only about
7 Roman miles broad, and Alexander the Great intended to cut a canal through the
isthmus, so as to connect the Caystrian and Hermaean bays; but it was one of the
few undertakings in which he did not succeed. (Plin. v. 31; Paus. ii. 1. § 5;
comp. vii. 4. § 1; Thucyd. viii. 34; Ov. Met. ii. 222; Amm. Marc. xxxi. 42; Callim.
Hymn. in Del. 157; Sil. Ital. ii. 494.)
Mount Mimas forms three promontories in the peninsula; in the south
Coryceum (Koraka or Kurko), in the west Argennum (Cape Blanco), and in the north
Melaena (Kara Burnu). Chandler (Travels, p. 213) describes the shores of Mount
Mimas as covered with pines and shrubs, and garnished with flowers. He passed
many small pleasant spots, well watered, and green with corn or with myrtles and
shrubs. The summit of the mountain commands a magnificent view, extending over
the bays of Smyrna, Clazomenae, and Erythrae, the islands of Samos, Chios, and
several others.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Perseus Project Index. Total results on 30/5/2001: 36 for Mimas.
KARIA (Ancient country) TURKEY
Carura (Ta Karoura), a town which was on the north-eastern limit
of Caria (Strab. p. 663); its position east of the range of Cadmus assigns it
to Phrygia, under which country Strabo describes it. It was on the south side
of the Maeander, 20 M. P. west of Laodiceia, according to the Table, and on the
great road along the valley of the Maeander from Laodiceia to Ephesus. The place
is identified by the hot springs, about 12 miles NW. of Denizli, which have been
described by Pococke and Chandler. Strabo (p. 578) observes that Carura contained
many inns (pandocheia), which is explained by the fact of its being on a line
of great traffic, by which the wool and other products of the interior were taken
down to the coast. He adds that it has hot springs, some in the Maeander, and
some on the banks of the river. All this tract is subject to earthquakes; and
there was a story, reported by Strabo, that as a brothel keeper was lodging in
the inns with a great number of his women, they were all swallowed up one night
by the earth opening. Chandler (Asia Minor, c. 65) observed on the spot a jet
of hot water, which sprung up several inches from the ground; and also the remains
of an ancient bridge over the river. On the road between Carura and Laodiceia
was the temple of Men Carus, a Carian deity; and in the time of Strabo there was
a noted school of medicine here, under the presidency of Zeuxis. This school was
of the sect of Herophilus. (Strab. p. 580.) Chandler discovered some remains on
the road to Laodiceia, which, he supposes, may be the traces of this temple; but
he states nothing that confirms the conjecture.
Herodotus (vii. 30) mentions a place called Cydrara, to which Xerxes
came on his road from Colossae to Sardes. It was the limit of Lydia and Phrygia,
and King Croesus fixed a stele there with an inscription on it, which declared
the boundary. Leake (Asia Minor, &c. p. 251) thinks that the Cydrara of Herodotus
may be Carura. It could not be far off; but the boundary between Lydia and Phrygia
would perhaps not be placed south of the Maeander in these parts.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited September 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Aphrodisias, a promontory on the SW. coast of Caria (Mela, i. 16; Plin. v. 28), between the gulfs of Schoenus and Thymnias. The modern name is not mentioned by Hamilton, who passed round it (Researches, vol. ii. p. 72). It has sometimes been confounded with the Cynos Sema of Strabo, which is Cape Volpo.
Arconnesus (Arkonnesos), a small island of Caria, near to the mainland,
and south of Halicarnassus. It is now called Orak Ada. When Alexander besieged
Halicarnassus, some of the inhabitants fled to this island. (Arrian, Anab. i.
23; Strabo, p. 656; Chart of the Prom. of Halicarnassus, &c., in Beaufort's Karamania;
Hamilton, Researches, ii. 34.)
Strabo (p. 643) mentions an island, Aspis, between Teos and Lebedus, and
he adds that it was also called Arconnesus. Chandler, who saw the island from
the mainland, says that it is called Carabash. Barbie du Bocage (Translation of
Chandler's Travels, i. p. 422) says that it is called in the charts Sainte-Euphnemie.
This seems to be the island Macris of Livy (xxxvii. 28), for he describes it as
opposite to the promontory on which Myonnesus was situated. Cramer (Asia Minor,
vol. i. p. 355) takes Macris to be a different island from Aspis.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited September 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Lethaeus (Lethaios), a small river of Caria, which has its sources
in Mount Pactyes, and after a short course from north to south discharges itself
into the Maeander, a little to the south-east of Magnesia. (Strab. xii. p. 554,
xiv. p. 647; Athen. xv. p. 683.) Arundell (Seven Churches, p. 57) describes the
river which he identifies with the ancient Lethaeus, as a torrent rushing along
over rocky ground, and forming many waterfalls.
Attuda (Attouda: Eth. Attoudeus), a town of Caria, or of Phrygia, as some suppose, noticed only by Hierocles and the later authorities. But there are coins of the place with the epigraph Hiera Boule Attoudeon, of the time of Augustus and later. The coins show that the Men Carus was worshipped there. An inscription is said to show that the site is that of Ypsili Hissar, south-east of Aphrodisias in Caria. (Cramer, Asia Minor, vol. ii. p. 55; Forbiger, vol. ii. p. 235.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited July 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Suagela (Souagela), a town of Caria, in which was shown the tomb of Car, the ancestor
of all the Carians; the place was in fact believed to have received its name from
this circumstance, for in Carian soua signified a tomb, and gelas a king. (Steph.
B. s. v.) Strabo, who calls the place Syangela (xiii. p. 611), states that this
town and Myndus were preserved at the time when Mausolus united six other towns
to form Halicarnassus.
KERAMOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Cerameicus (Kerameikos kolpos), a bay in Caria (Herod. i. 174), now
the gulf of Boudroun, so called from a town Ceramus (Keramos), which is on the
gulf. Strabo places Ceramus and Bargasa near the sea, between Cnidus and Halicarnassus,
and Ceramus comes next after Cnidus. D'Anville identifies Ceramus with a place
called Keramo, but this place does not appear to be known. (Leake, Asia Minor,
p. 225.) Ptolemy seems to place Ceramus on the south side of the bay. Some modern
maps place it on the north side; but this cannot be true, particularly if Bargasa
is rightly determined. There are medals which are assigned to Ceramus by some
numismatists.
Pliny mentions a Doridis Sinus. Now, as Doris is the country occupied
by the Dorian colonies, this name is more appropriate to the Cerameicus, on the
north side of which is Halicarnassus, and at the entrance is the island of Cos.
Pliny's words are clear, though they have been generally misunderstood; for, after
mentioning the bay of Schoenus and the Regio Bubassus, he mentions Cnidus, and
he says that Doris begins at Cnidus. Again, he says that Halicarnassus is between
the Cerameicus and the Iasius: the Cerameicus of Pliny, then, is either different
from the Sinus Doridis, or it is one of the bays included in the Sinus Doridis,
and so called from the town of Ceramus. But Pliny places in the Doridis Sinus,
Leucopolis, Hamaxitus, Elaeus, and Euthene; and Mela (i. 16) places Euthane, as
he calls it, in a bay between Cnidus and the Cerameicus Sinus: from which it clearly
appears that Euthane is in the Sinus Doridis of Pliny, and that Mela's Cerameicus
is a smaller bay in the Sinus Doridis. Mela's Littus Leuca is between Halicarnassus
and Myndus; and if this is Pliny's Leucopolis, as we may assume, the identity
of the Cerameicus and the Sinus Doridis of Pliny is clearly established.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
KOLOFON (Ancient city) TURKEY
Place near Colophon.
River at Colophon, coldest river of Ionia.
After Colophon one comes to the mountain Coracius and to an isle sacred to Artemis, whither deer, it has been believed, swim across and give birth to their young.
Coracius Mons (to Korakion oros) is placed by Strabo between Colophon
and Lebedus. As the word Korakion is an adjective, the name of the mountain may
be Corax. When Strabo speaks of a mountain between Colophon and Lebedus, he means
that some high land is crossed in going from one place to the other; but this
high land runs north, and occupies the tract that extends from Colophon and Lebedus
north, towards the gulf of Smyrna. Chandler therefore may be right when he gives
the name Corax to the mountains which were on his left hand as he passed from
Smyrna to Vourla, near the site of Clazomenae. (Asia Minor, c. 23.)
LATMOS (Mountain) KARIA
Latmicus Sinus (ho Latmikos kolpos), a bay on the western coast of
Caria, deriving its name from Mount Latmus, which rises at the head of the gulf.
It was formed by the mouth of the river Maeander which flowed into it from the
north-east. Its breadth, between Miletus, on the southern head-land, and Pyrrha
in the north, amounted to 30 stadia, and its whole length, from Miletus to Heracleia,
100 stadia. (Strab. xiv. p. 635.) The bay now exists only as an inland lake, its
mouth having been closed up by the deposits brought down by the Maeander, a circumstance
which has misled some modern travellers in those parts to confound the lake of
Baffi the ancient Latmic gulf, with the lake of Myus. (Leake, Asia Minor, p. 239
; Chandler, c. 53.)
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LEVEDOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
River near Lebedus.
Dios Hieron (Dios Hieron: Eth. Diosierites), a small place in Ionia between Lebedus and Colophon. Stephanus B. (s. v.) cites Phlegon as his authority for the Ethnic name. The position which Stephanus assigns to the place, seems to agree with the narrative in Thucydides (viii. 29), where it is mentioned. Arundell (Discoveries, &c. vol. i. p. 36) says that the name of the river Cayster occurs on the medals of Dios Hieron, from which he concludes that it was not very far from the river. It is possible that there was another town of the name in Lydia and on the Cayster. Pliny (v. 29) makes the Dioshieritae belong to the conventus of Ephesus; and Ptolemy (v. 2) places it high up the valley of the Cayster, if we can trust his numbers. The epigraph on the coins is Diosiereiton.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited October 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
LYDIA (Ancient country) TURKEY
A river in Lydia, passing near Sardis, plain of, shads of.
Tmolus, a town of Lydia, situated on Mount Tmolus, which was destroyed during the great earthquake in A.D. 19. (Tac. Ann. ii. 47; Plin. v. 30; Euseb. Chron. ad Ann. V. Tib.; Niceph. Call. i. 17.) Some coins are extant with the inscription Tmoleiton. (Sestini, p. 114.)
Termetis, a mountain of Lydia between Mounts Olympus and Tmolus, is mentioned only by Pliny (v. 31).
Julianopolis (Ioulianoupolis), a town in Lydia which is not mentioned until the time of Hierocles (p. 670), according to whom it was situated close to Maeonia, and must be looked for in the southern parts of Mount Tmolus, between Philadelphia and Tralles. (Comp. Plin. v. 29.)
Mesogis, Messogis, the chief mountain of Lydia, belonging to the trunk of Mount Taurus, and extending on the north of the Maeander, into which it sends numerous small streams, from Celaenae to Mycale, which forms its western termination. Its slopes were known in antiquity to produce an excellent kind of wine. (Strab. xiv. pp. 629, 636, 637, 648, 650; Steph; B. s. v.; Ptol. v. 2. § 13, where Misetis is, no doubt, only a corrupt form of Mesogis.) Mounts Pactyes and Thorax, near its western extremity, are only branches of Mesogis, and even the large range of Mount Tmolus is, in reality, only an off-shoot of it. Its modern Turkish name is Kestaneh Dagh, that is, chestnut mountain.
Bage (Bage: Eth. Bagenos), a Lydian town in the valley of the Hermus on the right
bank of the river, and nearly opposite to Sirghie, a Turkish village between Kula
and Yenisher. (See the map in Hamilton's Asia Minor.) The site was identified
from an inscription found by Keppel. There are coins of Bage with the epigraph
Bagenon. (Cramer, Asia Min. vol. i. p. 435.)
Temenothyra (Temenou thurai, Paus. i. 35. § 7: Eth. Temenothureus, Coins), a small
city of Lydia, according to Pausanias (l. c.), or of Phrygia, according to Hierocles
(p. 668, ed. Wess.). It would seem to have been situated upon the borders of -
which name is probably only another form of the Temenothyriate - are placed by
Ptolemy (v. 2. § 15) in Mysia. (Eckhel, vol. iii. p. 119.)
Saloe (Saloe, Paus. vii. 24. § 7), or Sale (Plin. v. 31), a small lake of Lydia
at the foot of Mount Sipylus, on the site of Tantalis or Sipylas, the ancient
capital of Maeonia, which had probably perished during an earthquake. (Strab.
i. p. 58, xii. p. 579.) The lake was surrounded by a marsh; and the Phyrites,
which flowed into it as a brook, issued at the other side as a river of some importance.
MAGNESIA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Lake on Mt. Sipylus.
MAGNESIA ON MEANDROS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Tributary of Meander
MILITOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
The island Lade lies close in front of Miletus, as do also the isles in the neighborhood of the Tragaeae, which afford anchorage for pirates.
Next after the Poseidium of the Milesians, eighteen stadia inland, is the oracle of Apollo Didymeus among the Branchidae.
Assesus (Assesos: Eth. Assesios), a town in the territory of Miletus (Herod. i.
19, 22; Steph. B. s. v. Assesos), with a temple of Athena, which was destroyed
by fire in a war between the Milesians and Alyattes, king of Lydia. The king,
following the advice of the Pythia, built two temples at Assesus, in place of
that which was destroyed.
MYKALI (Cape) TURKEY
Off the Trogilian promontory lies an isle of the same name. Thence the nearest passage across to Sunium is one thousand six hundred stadia; on the voyage one has at first Samos and Icaria and Corsia on the right, and the Melantian rocks on the left; and the remainder of the voyage is through the midst of the Cyclades islands. The Trogilian promontory itself is a kind of spur of Mt. Mycale. Close to Mycale lies another mountain, in the Ephesian territory, I mean Mt. Pactyes, in which the Mesogis terminates. The distance from the Trogilian promontory to Samos is forty stadia.
Trogilium (Trogilion), a promontory formed by the western termination of Mount
Mycale, opposite the island of Samos. Close to this promontory there was an island
bearing the same name. (Strab. xiv. p. 636; Steph. B. s. v. Trogilos, according
to whom it was also called Trogilia; Act. Apost. xx. 15, where its name is Trogyllion.)
Pliny (v. 31. s. 37) speaks of three islands being called Trogiliae, their separate
names being Philion, Argennon, and Sandalion.
MYNDOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Α promontory belonging to the Myndians, opposite which lies Scandaria, a promontory of Cos, forty stadia distant from the mainland. And there is a place called Termerum above the promontory of Cos.
POSSIDION (Ancient sanctuary) TURKEY
Argathonius (Arganthonios, Arganthon, Steph. s. v. Arganthon: Adj.
Arganthoneios), a mountain range in Bithynia, which forms a peninsula, and divides
the gulfs of Cius and Astacus. The range terminates in a headland which Ptolemy
calls Posidium: the modern name is Katirli, according to some authorities, and
Bozburun according to others. The name is connected with the mythus of Hylas and
the Argonautic expedition. (Strab. p. 564; Apoll. Rhod. i. 1176.)
SARDIS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Tmolus (Tmolos), a mountain range on the south of Sardes, forming
the watershed between the basins of the Hermus in the north and the Cayster in
the south, and being connected in the east with Mount Messogis. It was said to
have received its name from a Lydian king Timolus, whence Ovid (Met. vi. 16) gives
this name to the mountain itself. Mount Tmolus was celebrated for the excellent
wine growing on its slopes (Virg. Georg. ii. 97; Senec. Phoen. 602; Eurip. Bacch.
55, 64; Strab. xiv. p. 637; Plin. v. 30). It was equally rich in metals; and the
river Pactolus, which had its source in Mount Tmolus, at one time carried from
its interior a rich supply of gold. (Strab. xiii. pp. 591, 610, 625; Plin. xxxiii.
43; comp. Horn. Il. ii. 373; Aesch. Pers. 50; Herod. i. 84, 93, v. 101; Ptol.
v. 2. § 13; Dion. Per. 831.) On the highest summit of Mount Tmolus, the Persians
erected a marble watch-tower commanding a view of the whole of the surrounding
country (Strab. xiii. p. 625). The Turks now call the mountain Bouz Dagh. (Richter,
Wallfahrten, pp. 512, 519.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited September 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
SIPYLOS (Ancient city) LYDIA
River on Mt. Sipylus
SMYRNI (Ancient city) TURKEY
Mountain.
Mountain near Smyrna.
A small river of Ionia, flowing close by the walls of Smyrna, and discharging its waters into the Hermaean gulf. (Strab. xii. p. 554, xiv. p. 646.) The little stream derives its celebrity from its connection with the legends about Homer, and from a report; about the healing powers of its waters. There was a tradition that near the sources of the river Meles there was a cave in which Homer had composed his epic poems, whence he is sometimes called Melesigenes. (Paus. vii. 5. § 6 ; Vit. Hom. 2 ; Stat. Silv. iii. 3. 60, 7. 33 ; Tibull. iv. 1. 200.) The belief in the healing power of its waters is attested by an inscription quoted by Arundell (Asia Minor, vol. ii. p. 406) and Hamilton (Researches, vol. ii. Append. No. 48). These circumstances are of some importance in identifying the river. It used to be supposed that a small, dirty, and muddy stream, flowing close by the modern town of Smyrna, was the same as the ancient Meles. But there is another stream, with bright and sparkling water, which rushes over its rocky bed near Bournoubat, and is still celebrated for its agreeable and wholesome qualities. Travellers are now justly inclined to identify this river with the ancient Meles. This supposition is confirmed by our more accurate knowledge of the site of ancient Smyrna, which was on the north of the bay, while new Smyrna was on the south of it, at a distance of 20 stadia from the former; the site of the ancient place is still marked by a few ruins; and close by them flows the clear stream which we must assume to be the ancient Meles. (Comp. Hom. Hymn. viii. 3; Ptol. v. 2. § 7; Steph. B. s. v. Meletou kolpos, according to whom the river was also called Meletus; Plin. v. 31; Hamilton, Researches, vol. i. p. 51, foll.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Smyrnaeus sinus (Smurnaion kolpos), also called the bay of Hermus (Hermeios kolpos), from the river Hermus, which flows into it, or the bay of Meles (Meletou k.), from the little river Meles, is the bay at the head of which Smyrna is situated. From its entrance to the head it is 350 stadia in length, but is divided into a larger and a smaller basin, which have been formed by the deposits of the Hermus, which have at the same time much narrowed the whole bay. A person sailing into it had on his right the promontory of Celaenae, and on his left the headland of Phocaea; the central part of the bay contained numerous small islands. (Strab. xiv. p. 645; Pomp. Mela, i. 17; Vit. Hom. 2; Steph. B. s. v. Smurna.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited September 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
TEOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Cape at Teos.
Then one comes to Chalcideis, and to the isthmus of the Chersonesus, belonging to the Teians and Erythraeans. Now the latter people live this side the isthmus, but the Teians and Clazomenians live on the isthmus itself; for the southern side of the isthmus, I mean the Chalcideis, is occupied by Teians, but the northern by Clazomenians, where their territory joins the Erythraean. At the beginning of the isthmus lies the place called Hypocremnus, which lies between the Erythraean territory this side the isthmus and that of the Clazomenians on the other side.
Above the Chalcideis is situated a sacred precinct consecrated to Alexander the son of Philip; and games, called the Alexandreia, are proclaimed by the general assembly of the Ionians and are celebrated there. The passage across the isthmus from the sacred precinct of Alexander and from the Chalcideis to Hypocremnus is fifty stadia, but the voyage round by sea is more than one thousand. Somewhere about the middle of the circuit is Erythrae, an Ionian city, which has a harbor, and also four isles lying off it, called Hippi
TRIPOLIS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Lycus (Lukos), is the name of a great many rivers, especially in Asia,
and seems to have originated in the impression made upon the mind of the beholder
by a torrent rushing down the side of a hill, which suggested the idea of a wolf
rushing at his prey. The following rivers of this name occur in Asia Minor:
The Lycus of Phrygia, now called Tchoruk-Su, is a tributary of the
Maeander, which it joins a few miles south of Tripolis. It had its sources in
the eastern parts of Mount Cadmus (Strab. xii. p. 578), not far from those of
the Maeander itself, and flowed in a western direction towards Colossae, near
which place it disappeared in a chasm of the earth; after a distance of five stadia,
however, its waters reappeared, and, after flowing close by Laodiceia, it discharged
itself into the Maeander. (Herod. vii. 30; Plin. v. 29; Ptol. v. 2. § 8; Hamilton,
Researches, vol. i. p. 508, &c., and Journal of the Royal Geogr. Soc. vii. p.
60, who re-discovered the chasm in which the Lycus disappears, amid the ruins
near Chonas.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ZEFYRION (Ancient location) TURKEY
Philyreis (Philureis), an island off the coast of Pontus, in the Euxine.
It must have been situated near Cape Zephyrium, opposite the district inhabited
by the Philyres, from which, in all probability, it derived its name. (Apollon.
Rhod. ii. 1231; comp. Amm. Marc. xxii. 8; Dionys. Per. 766; Steph. B. s. v. Philures.)
Hamilton (Researches, i. p. 261) identifies it with the small rocky island 2 miles
west of Cape Zefreh, and between it and the island of Kerasonde Ada.
IONIA (Ancient country) TURKEY
Melaena (Melaina). A promontory of Ionia, forming the north-western
point of the peninsula which is traversed by Mount Mimas. It was celebrated in
ancient times for its quarries of millstones. (Strab. xiv. p. 645.) It is possible
that this promontory, which is now called Kara-Burun (the Black Cape), may be
the same as the one called by Pliny (v. 31) Corynaeum Promontorium, from the town
of Coryne, situated at the southern extremity of Mount Mimas
KNIDOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Triopium (Triopion akron: C. Crio), the promontory at the eastern
extremity of the peninsula of Gnidus, forming at the same time the southwestern
extremity of Asia Minor. (Thucyd. viii. 35, 60; Scylax, p. 38; Pomp. Mela, i.
16.) On the summit of this promontory a temple of Apollo, hence called the Triopian,
seems to have stood, near which games were celebrated, whence Scylax calls the
promontory the akroterion hieron. According to some authorities the town of Cnidus
itself also bore the name of Triopium, having, it is said, been founded by Triopas.
(Steph. B. s. v. Triopion; Plin. v. 29, who calls it Triopia; Eustath. ad Horn.
Il. iv. 341)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited September 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
LEVEDOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Myonnesus (Muonnesos or Muonesos), a promontory on the south-west
of Lebedus, on the coast of Ionia, at the northern extremity of the bay of Ephesus.
It is celebrated in history for the naval victory there gained by the Romans under
L. Aemilius over Antiochus the Great, in B.C. 190. (Steph. B. s. v.; Strab. xiv.
p. 643; Thucyd. iii. 42; Liv. xxxvii. 27.) Livy describes the promontory as situated
between Samos and Teos, and as rising from a broad basis to a pointed summit.
There was an approach to it on the land side by a narrow path; while on the sea
side it was girt by rocks, so much worn by the waves, that in some parts the over-hanging
cliffs extended further into the sea than the ships stationed under them. On this
promontory there also was a small town of the name of Myonnesus (Steplh. B., Strab
ll. cc.), which belonged to Teos. The rocks of Myonnesus are now called Hypsilibounos.
Pliny (H. N. v. 37) mentions a small island of the name of Myonnesus near Ephesus,
which, together with two others, Anthinae and Diarrheusa, formed a group called
Pisistrati Insulae.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited September 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
MYNDOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Scopia (Skopia akra), a headland on the west coast of Caria, to the west of Myndus,
and opposite the island of Cos. (Ptol. v. 2. § 10.) Strabo (xiv. p. 658) mentions
two headlands in the same vicinity, Astypalaea and Zephyrium, one of which may
possibly be the same as Scopia.
TELMISSOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
A bay between Lycia and Caria, which derived its name from the Lycian town of
Telmessus (Liv. xxxvii. 16; Lucan viii.248); but it is more commonly known by
the name Glaucus Sinus, and is at present called the Bay of Macri.
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