Listed 28 sub titles with search on: Various locations for wider area of: "AYDIN Province TURKEY" .
ACHARAKA (Ancient city) TURKEY
On the road between the Tralleians and Nysa is a village of the Nysaeans, not far from the city Acharaca, where is the Plutonium, with a costly sacred precinct and a shrine of Pluto and Core, and also the Charonium, a cave that lies above the sacred precinct, by nature wonderful; for they say that those who are diseased and give heed to the cures prescribed by these gods resort thither and live in the village near the cave among experienced priests, who on their behalf sleep in the cave and through dreams prescribe the cures. These are also the men who invoke the healing power of the gods. And they often bring the sick into the cave and leave them there, to remain in quiet, like animals in their lurking-holes, without food for many days. And sometimes the sick give heed also to their own dreams, but still they use those other men, as priests, to initiate them into the mysteries and to counsel them. To all others the place is forbidden and deadly.
A festival is celebrated every year at Acharaca; and at that time in particular those who celebrate the festival can see and hear concerning all these things; and at the festival, too, about noon, the boys and young men of the gymnasium, nude and anointed with oil, take up a bull and with haste carry him up into the cave; and, when let loose, the bull goes forward a short distance, falls, and breathes out his life.
Thirty stadia from Nysa, after one crosses over Mt. Tmolus and the mountain called Mesogis, towards the region to the south of the Mesogis, there is a place called Leimon, whither the Nysaeans and all the people about go to celebrate their festivals. And not far from Leimon is an entrance into the earth sacred to the same gods, which is said to extend down as far as Acharaca. The poet (Homer) is said to name this meadow when he says, ‘On the Asian meadow’; and they point out a hero-temple of Cayster and a certain Asius, and the Cayster River that streams forth near by.
EFESSOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Cenchrius (Kenchrios). A river of Ionia near Ephesus and Mount Solmissus, where the Curetes, according to some, concealed and protected Leto after her delivery, when she was pursued by the power of Here.
Spring near Ephesus.
Caystri Campus (to Kaustrou pedion) is Strabo's name for the plain of the Cayster.
Stephanus (s. v. Kaustrion pedion) assigns it to the Ephesia or territory of Ephesus,
with the absurd remark that the Cayster, from which it takes its name, was so
called from its proximity to the Catacecaumene or Burnt Region. Stephanus adds
the Ethnic name Kaustrianos ; but this belongs properly to the people of some
place, as there are medals with the legend Kaustrianon.
Xenophon, in his march of Cyrus from Sardis (Anab. i. 2. § 11), speaks
of a Kaustrou pedion. Before coming here, Cyrus passed through Celaenae, Peltae,
and Ceramon Agora. The march from Celaenae to Peltae is 10 parasangs; from Peltae
to Ceramon Agora, 12 parasangs; and from Ceramon Agora to the plain of Cayster,
which Xenophon calls an inhabited city, was 30 parasangs. From the plain of Cayster,
Cyrus marched 10 parasangs to Thymbrium, then 10 to Tyraeum, and then 20 to Iconium,
the last city of Phrygia in the direction of his march; for after leaving Iconium,
he entered Cappadocia. Iconium is Koniyeh, a position well known. Celaenae is
also well known, being at Deenair, on the Maeander. Now the march of Cyrus from
Celaenae to Iconium was 92 parasangs, or 2760 stadia, according to Greek computation,
if the numbers are right in the Greek text. Cyrus, therefore, did not march direct
from Celaenae to Iconium. He made a great bend to the north, for the Ceramon Agora
was the nearest town in Phrygia to Mysia. The direct distance from Celaenae to
Iconium is about 125 English miles. The distance by the route of Cyrus was 276
geog. miles, if the Greek value of the parasang is true, as given by Xenophon
and Herodotus; but it may be less.
The supposition that the plain of Cayster is the plain through which
the Cayster flows cannot be admitted; and as Cyrus seems for some reason to have
directed his march northwards from Celaenae till he came near the borders of Mysia,
his route to Iconium would be greatly lengthened. Two recent attempts have been
made to fix the places between Celaenae and Iconium, one by Mr. Hamilton (Researches,
&c., vol. ii. p. 198, &c.), and another by Mr. Ainsworth (Travels in the Track
of the Ten Thousand, &c., p. 24, &c.). The examination of these two explanations
cannot be made here for want of space. But it is impossible to identify with certainty
positions on a line of road where distances only are given, and we find no corresponding
names to guide us. Mr. Hamilton supposes that the Caystri Campus may be near the
village of Chai Kieui, and near the banks of the Eber Ghieul in the extensive
plain between that village and Polybotum. Chai Kieui is in about 38° 40? N. lat.
Mr. Ainsworth places the Caystri Campus further west at a place called Surmeneh,
a high and arid upland, as its ancient name designates, which is traversed by
an insignificant tributary to the Eber Gol, Mr. Hamilton's Eber Ghieul. The neighbourhood
of Surmeneh abounds in ancient remains; but Chai Kieui is an insignificant place,
without ruins. Both Mr. Hamilton and Mr. Ainsworth, however, agree in fixing the
Caystri Campus in the basin of this river, the Eber Ghieul, and so far the conclusion
may be accepted as probable. But the exact site of the place cannot be determined
without further evidence. Cyrus stayed at Caystri Campus five days, and he certainly
would not stay with his troops five days in a high and arid upland. As the plain
was called the Plain of Cayster, we may assume that there was a river Cayster
where Cyrus halted. One of Mr. Ainsworth's objections to Mr. Hamilton's conclusion
is altogether unfounded. He says that the plain which Mr. Hamilton chooses as
the site of the Caystri Campus is an extensive plain, but very marshy, being in
one part occupied by a perpetual and large lake, called Eber Gol, and most unlikely
at any season of the year to present the arid and burnt appearance which could
have led the Greeks to call it Caustron or Caystrus, the burnt or barren plain.
But the word Caystrus could not mean burnt, and Stephanus is guilty of originating
this mistake. It means no more a burnt plain here than it does when applied to
the plain above Ephesus. Both were watery places; one we know to be so; and the
other we may with great probability conclude to be. The medals with the epigraph
KaustriaWoW may belong to this place, and not to a city in the valley of the Lydian
Cayster.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited July 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Myonnesus (Muonnesos or Muonesos), a promontory on the south-west of Lebedus, on the coast of Ionia, at the northern extremity of the bay of Ephesus. It is celebrated in history for the naval victory there gained by the Romans under L. Aemilius over Antiochus the Great, in B.C. 190. (Steph. B. s. v.; Strab. xiv. p. 643; Thucyd. iii. 42; Liv. xxxvii. 27.) Livy describes the promontory as situated between Samos and Teos, and as rising from a broad basis to a pointed summit. There was an approach to it on the land side by a narrow path; while on the sea side it was girt by rocks, so much worn by the waves, that in some parts the over-hanging cliffs extended further into the sea than the ships stationed under them. On this promontory there also was a small town of the name of Myonnesus [p. 387] (Steplh. B., Strab ll. cc.), which belonged to Teos. The rocks of Myonnesus are now called Hypsilibounos.
Pliny (H. N. v. 37) mentions a small island of the name of Myonnesus near Ephesus, which, together with two others, Anthinae and Diarrheusa, formed a group called Pisistrati Insulae.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited July 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
After the outlet of the Cayster River comes a lake that runs inland from the sea, called Selinusia; and next comes another lake that is confluent with it, both affording great revenues. Of these revenues, though sacred, the kings deprived the goddess, but the Romans gave them back; and again the tax-gatherers forcibly converted the tolls to their own use; but when Artemidorus was sent on an embassy, as he says, he got the lakes back for the goddess, and he also won the decision over Heracleotis, which was in revolt, his case being decided at Rome; and in return for this the city erected in the temple a golden image of him. In the innermost recess of the lake there is a temple of a king, which is said to have been built by Agamemnon.
Selenusiae (Selenousiai) or Selennuetes, two lakes formed by the sea, north of the mouth of the Caystrus, and not far from the temple of the Ephesian Artemis. These two lakes, which communicated with each other, were extremely rich in fish, and formed part of the revenue of the temple of Artemis, though they were on several occasions wrested from it. (Strab. xiv. p. 642; Plin. v. 31.) The name of the lakes, derived from Selene, the moon-goddess, or Artemis, probably arose from their connection with the great goddess of Ephesus. (Comp. Chandler's Travels in Asia Minor, vol. i. p. 162.)
Phyrites, a small tributary of the Caystrus, having its origin in the western branch of Mount Tmolus, and flowing in a southern direction through the Pegasean marsh (Stagnum Pegaseum), discharges itself into the Caystrus some distance above Ephesus. (Plin. v. 31.)
Pegaseum Stagnum a small lake in the Caystrian plain near Ephesus, from which issues the little river Phyrites, a tributary of the Caystrus. (Plin. v. 31.) The district surrounding the lake is at present an extensive morass. (Comp. Arundell, Seven Churches, p. 23, &c.)
Ortygia, a grove near Ephesus, in which the Ephesians pretended that Apollo and Artemis were born. Hence the Cayster, which flowed near Ephesus, is called Ortygius Cayster.
Coresus (Koressos). A lofty mountain in Ionia, four miles from Ephesus, with a place of the same name at its foot.
Mountain near Ephesus.
Panormus The port of Ephesus formed by the mouth of the Caystrus, near which stood the celebrated temple of the Ephesian Artemis. (Strab. xiv. p. 639; comp. Liv. xxx<*> i. 10, foll., especially 14. 15)
Priapus. An island near Ephesus, Plin. 5, 31, 38, § 137.
Solmissus (Solmissos), a hill near Ephesus, rising above the grove of Leto, where
the Curetes, by the loud noise of their arms, prevented Hera from hearing the
cries of Leto when she gave birth to her twins. (Strab. xiv. p. 640.)
MAGNESIA ON MEANDROS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Tributary of Meander
MILITOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
The island Lade lies close in front of Miletus, as do also the isles in the neighborhood of the Tragaeae, which afford anchorage for pirates.
Next after the Poseidium of the Milesians, eighteen stadia inland, is the oracle of Apollo Didymeus among the Branchidae.
Assesus (Assesos: Eth. Assesios), a town in the territory of Miletus (Herod. i.
19, 22; Steph. B. s. v. Assesos), with a temple of Athena, which was destroyed
by fire in a war between the Milesians and Alyattes, king of Lydia. The king,
following the advice of the Pythia, built two temples at Assesus, in place of
that which was destroyed.
MYKALI (Cape) TURKEY
Off the Trogilian promontory lies an isle of the same name. Thence the nearest passage across to Sunium is one thousand six hundred stadia; on the voyage one has at first Samos and Icaria and Corsia on the right, and the Melantian rocks on the left; and the remainder of the voyage is through the midst of the Cyclades islands. The Trogilian promontory itself is a kind of spur of Mt. Mycale. Close to Mycale lies another mountain, in the Ephesian territory, I mean Mt. Pactyes, in which the Mesogis terminates. The distance from the Trogilian promontory to Samos is forty stadia.
Trogilium (Trogilion), a promontory formed by the western termination of Mount
Mycale, opposite the island of Samos. Close to this promontory there was an island
bearing the same name. (Strab. xiv. p. 636; Steph. B. s. v. Trogilos, according
to whom it was also called Trogilia; Act. Apost. xx. 15, where its name is Trogyllion.)
Pliny (v. 31. s. 37) speaks of three islands being called Trogiliae, their separate
names being Philion, Argennon, and Sandalion.
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