Εμφανίζονται 7 τίτλοι με αναζήτηση: Ιστορία στην ευρύτερη περιοχή: "ΧΑΙΡΩΝΕΙΑ Χωριό ΒΟΙΩΤΙΑ" .
ΠΑΝΟΠΕΥΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΧΑΙΡΩΝΕΙΑ
The barbarians. . .overran the whole of Phocis. All that came within their power they laid waste to and burnt, setting fire to towns and temples. Marching this way down the river Cephisus, they ravaged everything that lay in their way, burning the towns of Drymus, Charadra, Erochus, Tethronium, Amphicaea, Neon, Pediea, Tritea, Elatea, Hyampolis, Parapotamii, and Abae . . (8,32,1)
So this part of the barbarian army marched as I have said, and others set forth with guides for the temple at Delphi, keeping Parnassus on their right. These, too, laid waste to every part of Phocis which they occupied, burning the towns of the Panopeans and Daulii and Aeolidae.(8.35.1)
This extract is from: Herodotus, with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge. Harvard University Press
Cited Sept 2002 from Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.
Philip put an end to the war, which was called both the Phocian War and the Sacred War . . .The cities of Phocis were captured and razed to the ground. . .and their people scattered in villages.
ΠΑΡΑΠΟΤΑΜΙΟΙ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΧΑΙΡΩΝΕΙΑ
The barbarians. . .overran the whole of Phocis. All that came within their power they laid waste to and burnt, setting fire to towns and temples. Marching this way down the river Cephisus, they ravaged everything that lay in their way, burning the towns of Drymus, Charadra, Erochus, Tethronium, Amphicaea, Neon, Pediea, Tritea, Elatea, Hyampolis, Parapotamii, and Abae . . .
This extract is from: Herodotus. The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley, 1920), Cambridge. Harvard University Press. Cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.
Philip put an end to the war, which was called both the Phocian War and the Sacred War . . .The cities of Phocis were captured and razed to the ground. . .and their people scattered in villages.
ΧΑΙΡΩΝΕΙΑ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΒΟΙΩΤΙΑ
Οπου ο Φίλιππος ο Μακεδών κατατρόπωσε τους άλλους Ελληνες (Παυσ. 9,1,8).
The course of later history proved the battle of Chaeronea in 338, in which Philip of Macedon and his Greek allies defeated a coalition of other Greek states, to have been a decisive turning point in Greek history: never again would the states of Greece make foreign policy for themselves without considering, and usually following, the wishes of outside powers. This change marked the end of the Greek city-states as independent actors in international politics, but they were to retain their significance as the basic economic and social units of the Greek world. But that role would be fulfilled from now on as subjects or allies of the new kingdoms that later emerged from the Macedonian kingdom of Philip and his son Alexander after the latter's death in 323 B.C. The Hellenistic kingdoms, as these new monarchies are called, like the Roman provinces that in turn eventually replaced them as political masters of the Greeks, depended on the local leaders of the Greek city-states to collect taxes for the imperial treasuries and to insure the loyalty and order of the rest of the citizens.
This text is from: Thomas Martin's An Overview of Classical Greek History from Homer to Alexander, Yale University Press. Cited Jan 2003 from Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
In August 338, the Macedonian king Philip defeated an army of Athenians and
Thebans on the plain of Chaeronea, a town in Central Greece. The decisive charge
was led by his son Alexander; the Macedonian victory meant the end of the independence
of the Greek towns. The following account is by Diodorus of Sicily,
World history 16.85.5-86. The translation was made by Michael Crawford and David
Whitehead. So Philip, having failed to get the alliance of the
Boeotians, nevertheless decided to fight both of the Athenians and Boeotians together.
So he waited for the last of his allies to arrive and then marched into Boeotia,
with more than 30,000 infantry and no less than 2,000 cavalry. Both
sides were eager for the battle and were well matched in intention, zeal and courage,
but the king had the advantage in numbers and in generalship. For he had fought
many battles of different sorts and had been victorious in most cases, so that
he had wide experience of military operations. On the Athenian side, the best
of their commanders were dead, Iphicrates, Chabrias and Timotheus too; and the
best of those who were left, Chares, was no better than any soldier in
the activity and counsel required of a commander.
The armies deployed at dawn [at Chaeronea], and the king stationed
his son Alexander, young in age but outstanding for his bravery and swiftness
of action, on one wing, placing with him his best commanders, while he himself
at the head of an elite corps exercised the command over the other [1]; and he
deployed individual units where the occasion required. On the other side, the
Athenians, dividing the line according to nationality, assigned one wing to the
Boeotians and commanded the other themselves.[2]
The battle was hotly contested for a long time and many fell on both
sides, so that for a while the struggle permitted hopes of victory to both. Then
Alexander, eager to show his father his prowess, and second to none in excess
of zeal, and also with many good men at his side, first succeeded in breaking
the solid front of the enemy line and, striking down many, he fought those opposite
him into the ground.[3] As the same success was won by his companions, gaps in
the solid front were opened. Corpses piled up, until finally those with Alexander
forced their way through and put their opponents to flight.
Then the king also in person hazarded an advance [4], not conceding
credit for victory even to Alexander; he first forced back the troops stationed
opposite him and then by compelling them to flee became the man responsible for
the victory. More than 1,000 Athenians fell in the battle and no less than 2,000
were captured. Likewise, many of the Boeotians were killed and not a few taken
prisoner.
After the battle Philip raised a trophy, gave up the dead for burial,
gave sacrifices to the gods for victory, and rewarded according to their deserts
those of his men who had distinguished themselves for bravery.
Note 1:
Philip's men stood on the right wing, Alexander commanded the left.
Note 2:
The Athenians took the left wing (opposite Philip); the Thebans were standing
opposite Alexander on the right.
Note 3:
His charge was aimed at the extreme right of the Thebans, where they had placed
their elite troops, the so-called Sacred band.
Note 4:
Philip's men had pretended to retreat.
This text is cited August 2003 from the Livius Ancient History Website URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks.
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